Institut de Neurociències, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
Departament de Psicobiologia i de Metodologia de les Ciències de la Salut, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
Curr Top Behav Neurosci. 2023;64:105-132. doi: 10.1007/7854_2023_426.
Fear extinction memories are strongly modulated by sex and hormonal status, but the exact mechanisms are still being discovered. In humans, there are some basal and task-related features in which male and female individuals differ in fear conditioning paradigms. However, analyses considering the effects of sex hormones demonstrate a role for estradiol in fear extinction memory consolidation. Translational studies are taking advantage of the convergent findings between species to understand the brain structures implicated. Nevertheless, the human brain is complex and the transfer of these findings into the clinics remains a challenge. The promising advances in the field together with the standardization of fear extinction methodologies in humans will benefit the design of new personalized therapies.
恐惧消退记忆受到性别和激素状态的强烈调节，但确切的机制仍在探索中。在人类中，在恐惧条件反射范式中，男性和女性个体存在一些基础和与任务相关的特征不同。然而，考虑到性激素影响的分析表明，雌二醇在恐惧消退记忆巩固中起作用。转化研究利用物种之间的趋同发现来了解所涉及的大脑结构。然而，人类大脑是复杂的，将这些发现转化到临床仍然是一个挑战。该领域的有希望的进展以及人类恐惧消退方法的标准化将有助于设计新的个性化治疗方法。
