Kim Yeri, Kim Jiye, Lee Bomi, Jung Seungyoun, Chung Seo-Jin, Kim Hyekyeong, Shin Nana, Kim Yuri
Department of Nutritional Science & Food Management, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea.
Department of Health Convergence, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 03760, Korea.
Nutr Res Pract. 2023 Aug;17(4):717-734. doi: 10.4162/nrp.2023.17.4.717. Epub 2023 Feb 17.
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to identify preschool children's eating behaviors associated with early childhood obesity and its multi-level, socio-ecological determinants.
SUBJECTS/METHODS: In a cross-sectional study of 364 mothers of preschool children aged 3-5 years, these children's healthy eating behaviors were assessed using a validated preschool nutrition quotient (NQ-P) questionnaire. The children's overweight or obesity statuses were determined based on body mass index percentiles from the 2017 Korean National Growth Chart. The associations between the NQ-P score and risk of overweight or obesity were examined using multivariable logistic regression. The associations of individual, maternal, physical, and media environmental factors with the NQ-P score were also examined using multivariable linear regression.
Preschool children with greater NQ-P scores were at a significantly lower risk of overweight or obesity ( < 0.01). The NQ-P score had a significantly positive association with maternal body mass index and an inverse association with household income (all < 0.05). Maternal parenting and feeding practices exhibited associations with the NQ-P score. Positive associations were observed with "warm," "structured," and "autonomy-supportive" parenting as well as monitoring feeding practices (all < 0.05). In addition, the NQ-P score had a significantly positive association with the childcare center's anti-obesogenic environment, such as the provision of nutritional and physical-activity support and vicinity of the built food environment to the home, including access to good-quality food, fruits and vegetables, and low-fat foods (all < 0.05). Regarding media environments, the NQ-P score demonstrated more significant associations with viewing and eating and/or cooking content displayed on online video platforms (all < 0.05) than with that on television.
Our findings confirm the significance of healthy eating behaviors in early-childhood-obesity prevention and underscore the importance of multilevel maternal, physical, and media environmental interventions that effectively guide eating behaviors in preschool children.
背景/目的：本研究旨在确定与幼儿肥胖及其多层次社会生态决定因素相关的学龄前儿童饮食行为。
对象/方法：在一项对364名3至5岁学龄前儿童母亲的横断面研究中，使用经过验证的学龄前营养商数（NQ-P）问卷评估这些儿童的健康饮食行为。根据2017年韩国国家生长图表中的体重指数百分位数确定儿童的超重或肥胖状况。使用多变量逻辑回归分析NQ-P得分与超重或肥胖风险之间的关联。还使用多变量线性回归分析个体、母亲、身体和媒体环境因素与NQ-P得分之间的关联。
NQ-P得分较高的学龄前儿童超重或肥胖风险显著较低（<0.01）。NQ-P得分与母亲体重指数呈显著正相关，与家庭收入呈负相关（均<0.05）。母亲的育儿和喂养方式与NQ-P得分存在关联。观察到与“温暖”、“结构化”和“支持自主性”的育儿方式以及监测喂养方式呈正相关（均<0.05）。此外，NQ-P得分与儿童保育中心的抗肥胖环境呈显著正相关，例如提供营养和身体活动支持以及家庭附近的建筑食品环境，包括获得优质食品、水果和蔬菜以及低脂食品（均<0.05）。关于媒体环境，NQ-P得分与在线视频平台上播放的观看和饮食及/或烹饪内容的关联（均<0.05）比与电视上的关联更为显著。
我们的研究结果证实了健康饮食行为在预防幼儿肥胖中的重要性，并强调了多层次的母亲、身体和媒体环境干预措施对于有效引导学龄前儿童饮食行为的重要性。
