Kim Soo-Youn, Cha Sung-Mi
Department of Food & Nutrition, Institute of Symbiotic Life-TECH, College of Human Ecology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea.
Department of Foodservice Industry, Hanyang Women's University, Seoul 04763, Korea.
Nutr Res Pract. 2021 Apr;15(2):248-265. doi: 10.4162/nrp.2021.15.2.248. Epub 2020 Nov 23.
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to assess the dietary behaviors of preschool children using the nutrition quotient for preschoolers (NQ-P) and analyzed the difference in the scores of the children's dietary behaviors in regards to the parents' health consciousness.
SUBJECTS/METHODS: The subjects were 257 children aged 3-5 years and their parents residing in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do, South Korea. The questionnaire is composed of demographic characteristics, the NQ-P questions, and health consciousness. All data were statistically analyzed by SPSS program (ver. 25.0) and the statistical differences in variables were evaluated by χ test, Fisher's exact test, t-test, 1-way analysis of variance and Tukey's multiple comparison test.
There was a significant difference on the intake frequency of processed meat by region and fast foods by age, region, and weight status ( < 0.05). There was also a significant difference in not moving around while eating by weight status and parents' effort to have healthy eating habits by sex ( < 0.05). The mean score of NQ-P of the total subjects was 59.47, which was within the medium-low grade. The mean score of balance was 61.62, and the boys were significantly higher than girls ( < 0.05). As the age of children increased, the mean score of the moderation was significantly decreased ( < 0.05). The scores of NQ-P ( < 0.05), balance ( < 0.01), and environment ( < 0.05) were significantly higher in the high group of parents' health consciousness than the low group.
According to the results of the evaluation by NQ-P, the dietary behaviors of preschoolers residing in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do need to be improved. For improving their eating behavior and nutritional health status, parents and children need customized nutrition education programs based on sex, age, region and weight status of preschool children as well as the degree of parents' health consciousness.
背景/目的：本研究旨在使用学龄前儿童营养商数（NQ-P）评估学龄前儿童的饮食行为，并分析儿童饮食行为得分在父母健康意识方面的差异。
对象/方法：研究对象为居住在韩国首尔和京畿道的257名3至5岁儿童及其父母。问卷由人口统计学特征、NQ-P问题和健康意识组成。所有数据均通过SPSS程序（版本25.0）进行统计分析，变量的统计差异通过χ检验、Fisher精确检验、t检验、单因素方差分析和Tukey多重比较检验进行评估。
加工肉类的摄入频率在地区之间存在显著差异，快餐的摄入频率在年龄、地区和体重状况方面存在显著差异（P<0.05）。在进食时不活动的情况在体重状况方面存在显著差异，父母在养成健康饮食习惯方面的努力在性别方面存在显著差异（P<0.05）。所有受试者的NQ-P平均得分为59.47，处于中低等级。平衡方面的平均得分为61.62，男孩得分显著高于女孩（P<0.05）。随着儿童年龄的增加，适度方面的平均得分显著降低（P<0.05）。父母健康意识高分组的NQ-P得分（P<0.05）、平衡得分（P<0.01）和环境得分（P<0.05）显著高于低分组。
根据NQ-P评估结果，居住在首尔和京畿道的学龄前儿童的饮食行为需要改善。为了改善他们的饮食行为和营养健康状况，父母和儿童需要基于学龄前儿童的性别、年龄、地区和体重状况以及父母的健康意识程度制定定制化的营养教育计划。
