Department of General Medicine, Zaporozhye State Medical University, Zaporozhye, Ukraine.
JSS Medical College, Mysore, Karnataka, India.
Indian J Ophthalmol. 2023 Aug;71(8):2944-2946. doi: 10.4103/IJO.IJO_116_23.
During the final (third) trimester outside of the womb, the retina develops significantly and is vulnerable to problems. Similar to how the cerebral cortex does, the cerebellum also grows quickly during this time and is susceptible to upsetting environmental influences. The only factors that show promise for lowering the incidence and retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) severity among high-risk infants are prematurity prevention, preeclampsia control, and prudent use of oxygen therapy and ventilation. The third trimester is when the cerebral cortex, cerebellum, and retina develop. These areas are vulnerable to environmental influences if their development is interrupted. Throughout childhood and adolescence, neurodevelopmental defects have been linked to impaired cortical development and smaller brain volumes. Reduced cerebellar volumes have been linked to an increased risk of autism spectrum disorder, lower motor performance, impaired executive functioning, and poorer cognitive outcomes. The complete avascular retina, as well as the peripheral retina, should be treated during retinal ablation with laser photocoagulation (using a transpupillary diode, 11 argon, and three FD-YAG) or cryoablation as failing to do so promotes disease progression and results in unfavorable anatomical and refractive outcomes.
在子宫外的最后（第三个） trimester，视网膜发育迅速，容易出现问题。与大脑皮层类似，小脑在这段时间也迅速增长，容易受到环境影响的干扰。唯一有望降低高危婴儿发病率和早产儿视网膜病变（ROP）严重程度的因素是预防早产、子痫前期的控制，以及氧气治疗和通气的谨慎使用。第三个 trimester 是大脑皮层、小脑和视网膜发育的时候。如果这些区域的发育受到干扰，它们就容易受到环境影响。在整个儿童期和青春期，神经发育缺陷与皮质发育不良和脑体积较小有关。小脑体积减小与自闭症谱系障碍风险增加、运动能力下降、执行功能受损以及认知结果较差有关。完全无血管的视网膜和周边视网膜都应该在视网膜消融时用激光光凝（使用经瞳孔二极管、11 氩气和 3 个 FD-YAG）或冷冻消融进行治疗，否则会促进疾病进展，并导致不利的解剖和屈光结果。
