Instituto de Medicina Molecular, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028, Lisbon, Portugal.
Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital, 0379, Oslo, Norway.
Cell Mol Life Sci. 2023 Aug 2;80(8):237. doi: 10.1007/s00018-023-04889-3.
Lipids in cell membranes and subcellular compartments play essential roles in numerous cellular processes, such as energy production, cell signaling and inflammation. A specific organelle lipidome is characterized by lipid synthesis and metabolism, intracellular trafficking, and lipid homeostasis in the organelle. Over the years, considerable effort has been directed to the identification of the lipid fingerprints of cellular organelles. However, these fingerprints are not fully characterized due to the large variety and structural complexity of lipids and the great variability in the abundance of different lipid species. The process becomes even more challenging when considering that the lipidome differs in health and disease contexts. This review summarizes the information available on the lipid composition of mammalian cell organelles, particularly the lipidome of the nucleus, mitochondrion, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, plasma membrane and organelles in the endocytic pathway. The lipid compositions of extracellular vesicles and lamellar bodies are also described. In addition, several examples of subcellular lipidome dynamics under physiological and pathological conditions are presented. Finally, challenges in mapping organelle lipidomes are discussed.
细胞膜和亚细胞隔室中的脂质在许多细胞过程中发挥着重要作用，如能量产生、细胞信号转导和炎症。特定的细胞器脂类组学的特征在于脂质的合成和代谢、细胞内运输以及细胞器中的脂质动态平衡。多年来，人们一直在努力确定细胞细胞器的脂质指纹。然而，由于脂质的种类繁多且结构复杂，以及不同脂质种类的丰度差异很大，这些指纹图谱并没有被完全描述。当考虑到脂质组在健康和疾病环境中的差异时，这个过程变得更加具有挑战性。本综述总结了关于哺乳动物细胞细胞器脂质组成的现有信息，特别是细胞核、线粒体、内质网、高尔基体、质膜和内吞途径中的细胞器的脂质组。还描述了细胞外囊泡和板层体的脂质组成。此外，还介绍了几种在生理和病理条件下亚细胞脂质组动力学的例子。最后，讨论了映射细胞器脂质组学的挑战。
