美国青年经历的微侵犯、归因和影响：性/性别和种族/少数民族的交叉视角。
Experiences of Microaggressions, Attributions, and Impact Among US Young Adults: An Intersectional Perspective Regarding Sexual/Gender and Racial/Ethnic Minorities.
机构信息
Department of Global Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA.
TSET Health Promotion Research Center, Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA.
出版信息
J Racial Ethn Health Disparities. 2024 Aug;11(4):2444-2458. doi: 10.1007/s40615-023-01710-6. Epub 2023 Aug 2.
BACKGROUND
Understanding discrimination (e.g., microaggressions) toward sexual/gender minorities (SGM) and racial/ethnic minorities (REM) from an intersectional perspective is critical in informing interventions to reduce such experiences and their impacts.
PURPOSE
This study examined US young adults identifying as SGM, REM, both, or neither in relation to microaggression experiences, and these factors in relation to mental health.
METHODS
Using 2022 data from 932 US adults (M = 27.61) in an online survey study, we compared subgroups (SGM-only, REM-only, both, neither) in relation to microaggression experiences and mental health symptoms, stratified by sex (male, female). Multivariable linear regression examined: 1) sex and intersectional subgroup in relation to number of microaggressions experienced; and 2) sex, subgroup, and number of microaggression experiences in relation to mental health symptoms.
RESULTS
Among females (n = 612), 42.0% were SGM-only, 17.3% REM-only, 15.2% both, and 25.5% neither. Among males (n = 320), 25.0% were SGM-only, 25.0% REM-only, 8.4% both, and 41.6% neither. Females (vs. males) reported more microaggressions (M = 5.67, SD = 3.00 vs. M = 3.95, SD = 3.46, p < .001). Those with intersecting minority identities experienced the most microagressions (females: M = 6.98, SD = 2.64; males: M = 6.44, SD = 2.95, respectively). In multivariable analyses, females and those in any of the 3 minority-identifying subgroups experienced more microaggressions; those with intersecting minority identities experienced more microaggressions than SGM-only and REM-only. Identifying as SGM-only or both SGM and REM, as well as experiencing more microaggressions, was associated with greater mental health symptoms.
CONCLUSIONS
Intersecting minority identities increase risk for microaggressions and mental health consequences. Multilevel interventions must reduce minority subgroups' experiences of microaggressions and their impacts.
背景
从交叉视角理解对性/性别少数群体（SGM）和种族/族裔少数群体（REM）的歧视（例如微侵犯），对于制定干预措施以减少此类经历及其影响至关重要。
目的
本研究调查了美国年轻成年人在性少数群体（SGM）、种族/族裔少数群体（REM）、两者兼有或两者都不有的身份认同方面的微侵犯经历，以及这些因素与心理健康的关系。
方法
本研究使用了 2022 年一项在线调查研究中 932 名美国成年人（M=27.61）的数据，比较了（SGM 单一群体、REM 单一群体、两者兼有群体、两者都不有的群体）在微侵犯经历和心理健康症状方面的差异，并按性别（男性、女性）进行了分层。多变量线性回归分析考察了：1）性别和交叉亚组与经历的微侵犯数量之间的关系；2）性别、亚组和微侵犯经历数量与心理健康症状之间的关系。
结果
在女性中（n=612），42.0%为 SGM 单一群体，17.3%为 REM 单一群体，15.2%为两者兼有群体，25.5%为两者都不有的群体。在男性中（n=320），25.0%为 SGM 单一群体，25.0%为 REM 单一群体，8.4%为两者兼有群体，41.6%为两者都不有的群体。女性（与男性相比）报告的微侵犯更多（M=5.67，SD=3.00 与 M=3.95，SD=3.46，p<.001）。具有交叉少数群体身份的人经历的微侵犯最多（女性：M=6.98，SD=2.64；男性：M=6.44，SD=2.95）。在多变量分析中，女性和属于任何 3 个少数群体识别亚组的人经历了更多的微侵犯；具有交叉少数群体身份的人经历的微侵犯比 SGM 单一群体和 REM 单一群体都多。仅被认定为 SGM 或同时被认定为 SGM 和 REM，以及经历更多的微侵犯，与更严重的心理健康症状相关。
结论
交叉少数群体身份增加了微侵犯和心理健康后果的风险。多层次的干预措施必须减少少数群体亚组的微侵犯经历及其影响。
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