Field Epidemiology Training Program, National Institute of Health, Maputo, Mozambique.
Survey and Surveillance Department, National Institute of Health, Maputo, Mozambique.
PLoS One. 2023 Aug 2;18(8):e0288957. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0288957. eCollection 2023.
The use of face masks is one of the preventive measures that Mozambique adopted in order to limit the spread of COVID-19. A study carried out from May 25 to June 6, 2020 found that although many wore masks, incorrect use was observed in 27.5% of the population observed. This data collection aimed to measure the degree of mask use compliance during a more protracted, higher second wave of transmission.
A cross-sectional study was conducted in the City of Maputo from 19 to 28 October 2020 through direct observation of mask use of all individuals present in markets, supermarkets and bus terminals. The data were collected using mobile phones with the Open Data Kit Collect (ODK) data collection program. Sociodemographic characteristics, mask use, and type of mask used were documented. Factors associated with incorrect mask use were evaluated considering sex, age, observation period and location.
A total of 49,404 individuals were observed, of whom 24,977(50.6%) were male, 46,484 (94.1%) were adults and 17,549 (35.5%) were observed in the markets. An observed 41,786 (84.6%) wore a mask, of whom 33,851 (81.0%) used it correctly. Not covering the mouth and nose was common; observed in 4,649 (58.5%) of those using incorrectly. Of different types of masks, fabric masks were most often used incorrectly 7,225 (21.4%). The factors associated with incorrect mask use were female gender (OR = 1.2 [1.1-1.3], p <0.001), observation in peri-urban versus urban areas (OR = 1.9 [1.8-2.1], p <0.001) and observation during the afternoon (OR = 1.5 [1.5-1.6], p <0. 001).
A high proportion of observed individuals wore a mask in the context of prevention of COVID-19, however some non-use and incorrect use persists. Intensified public awareness of the correct use of the mask is recommended, especially in peri-urban areas and at the end of the day.
口罩的使用是莫桑比克为限制 COVID-19 传播而采取的预防措施之一。2020 年 5 月 25 日至 6 月 6 日进行的一项研究发现，尽管许多人戴口罩，但观察到的人群中有 27.5%存在口罩使用不当的情况。这项数据收集旨在衡量在传播时间更长、强度更高的第二波疫情中，口罩使用的遵守程度。
2020 年 10 月 19 日至 28 日，在马普托市进行了一项横断面研究，通过直接观察市场、超市和公共汽车站所有在场人员的口罩使用情况进行数据收集。使用带有 Open Data Kit Collect（ODK）数据收集程序的移动电话收集数据。记录人口统计学特征、口罩使用情况和使用的口罩类型。考虑到性别、年龄、观察期和地点，评估与不正确戴口罩相关的因素。
共观察到 49404 人，其中男性 24977 人（50.6%），成年人 46484 人（94.1%），市场中观察到 17549 人（35.5%）。观察到 41786 人（84.6%）戴口罩，其中 33851 人（81.0%）正确使用。口罩未覆盖口鼻很常见；观察到 4649 人（58.5%）不正确使用口罩。在不同类型的口罩中，布制口罩最常被不正确使用，有 7225 人（21.4%）。与不正确戴口罩相关的因素包括女性（OR=1.2[1.1-1.3]，p<0.001）、城乡结合部观察到的（OR=1.9[1.8-2.1]，p<0.001）和下午观察到的（OR=1.5[1.5-1.6]，p<0.001）。
在 COVID-19 预防背景下，观察到的大多数人佩戴口罩，但仍存在一些不佩戴和不正确佩戴的情况。建议加强公众对口罩正确使用的认识，特别是在城乡结合部和一天结束时。
