Zhang Qin, Guo Mengjie, Li Fanghui, Qin Meilan, Yang Qiuyue, Yu Hairui, Xu Jian, Liu Yongqiang, Tong Tong
Guangxi Key Laboratory for Polysaccharide Materials and Modifications, School of Marine Sciences and Biotechnology, Guangxi Minzu University, 158 University Road, Nanning 530008, China.
Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology in Universities of Shandong (Weifang University), Weifang Key Laboratory of Coho Salmon Culturing Facility Engineering, Institute of Modern Facility Fisheries, Weifang University, Weifang 261061, China.
Aquac Nutr. 2023 Jul 25;2023:2558173. doi: 10.1155/2023/2558173. eCollection 2023.
In this study, we evaluated the effects of fermented soybean meal (FSBM) or/and unfermented SBM replacing a portion of fish meal (FM) on the growth performance, antioxidant capacity, immunity, and mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway of juvenile coho salmon (). Four groups of juvenile coho salmon (initial weight 152.23 ± 3.21 g) in triplicate were fed for 12 weeks on four different iso-nitrogen and iso-lipid experimental diets: G0 diet (28% FM protein, control group), G1 diet (18% FM protein and 10% SBM protein), G2 diet (18% FM protein, 5% SBM protein, and 5% FSBM protein), and G3 diet (18% FM protein and 10% FSBM protein). The main results were compared with the G0 diet; the weight gain rate, specific growth rate, and condition factor of juveniles in G3 were increased significantly ( < 0.05). The content of muscle crude protein, the total protein, glucose, albumin, total cholesterol in serum, and the total antioxidant capacity in the liver of juveniles in G3 was increased significantly ( < 0.05). The activities of pepsin, trypsin, -amylase, and lipase in the intestine, the superoxide dismutase, catalase, and alkaline phosphatase in the liver of juveniles in G3 were increased significantly ( < 0.05). The expression levels of phosphatidylinositide 3-kinases, serine/threonine kinase, mTOR, and ribosomal protein S6 kinase 1 genes in the liver of juveniles in G3 were upregulated significantly ( < 0.05). The feed coefficient ratio, viscerosomatic index, the contents of muscle moisture, and malondialdehyde in the liver of juveniles in G3 were decreased significantly ( < 0.05). The expression levels of tumor necrosis factor , interleukin 1, and interleukin 6 genes in the liver of juveniles in G3 were downregulated significantly ( < 0.05). However, there was no significant effect ( > 0.05) on the survival rate, food intake, and muscle crude lipid and ash of juveniles among the experimental groups. In conclusion, FSBM to replace a portion FM had a positive effect on the growth performance, protein deposition, antioxidant enzyme activity, digestive enzyme activity, protein synthesis, and immune-related genes of juvenile coho salmon.
在本研究中，我们评估了发酵豆粕（FSBM）或/和未发酵豆粕（SBM）替代部分鱼粉（FM）对银大麻哈鱼幼鱼生长性能、抗氧化能力、免疫力以及雷帕霉素靶蛋白（mTOR）信号通路的影响。将四组银大麻哈鱼幼鱼（初始体重152.23±3.21克），每组设三个重复，投喂四种不同的等氮等脂实验饲料12周：G0饲料（28%鱼粉蛋白，对照组）、G1饲料（18%鱼粉蛋白和10%豆粕蛋白）、G2饲料（18%鱼粉蛋白、5%豆粕蛋白和5%发酵豆粕蛋白）以及G3饲料（18%鱼粉蛋白和10%发酵豆粕蛋白）。主要结果与G0饲料组进行比较；G3组幼鱼的增重率、特定生长率和肥满度显著提高（P<0.05）。G3组幼鱼肌肉粗蛋白含量、血清总蛋白、葡萄糖、白蛋白、总胆固醇以及肝脏总抗氧化能力显著增加（P<0.05）。G3组幼鱼肠道中胃蛋白酶、胰蛋白酶、α-淀粉酶和脂肪酶的活性，以及肝脏中超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化氢酶和碱性磷酸酶的活性显著提高（P<0.05）。G3组幼鱼肝脏中磷脂酰肌醇3-激酶、丝氨酸/苏氨酸激酶、mTOR和核糖体蛋白S6激酶1基因的表达水平显著上调（P<0.05）。G3组幼鱼的饲料系数、脏体比、肌肉水分含量以及肝脏中丙二醛含量显著降低（P<0.05）。G3组幼鱼肝脏中肿瘤坏死因子α、白细胞介素1和白细胞介素6基因的表达水平显著下调（P<0.05）。然而，各实验组幼鱼的存活率、摄食量以及肌肉粗脂肪和灰分没有显著影响（P>0.05）。总之，用发酵豆粕替代部分鱼粉对银大麻哈鱼幼鱼的生长性能、蛋白质沉积、抗氧化酶活性、消化酶活性、蛋白质合成以及免疫相关基因具有积极影响。
