Yu Hairui, Li Min, Yu Leyong, Ma Xuejun, Wang Shuliang, Yuan Ziyi, Li Lingyao
Key Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology in Universities of Shandong (Weifang University), Weifang Key Laboratory of Coho Salmon Culturing Facility Engineering, Institute of Modern Facility Fisheries, College of Biology and Oceanography, Weifang University, Weifang 261061, China.
Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Coho Salmon Health Culture Engineering Technology, Shandong Conqueren Marine Technology Co., Ltd., Weifang 261108, China.
Animals (Basel). 2023 Sep 1;13(17):2789. doi: 10.3390/ani13172789.
The present study evaluated the effects of partially substituting fish meal (FM) with poultry by-product meal (PBPM) on the growth, muscle composition, and tissue biochemical parameters of coho salmon () post-smolts. Five isonitrogenous (7.45% nitrogen) and isoenergetic (18.61 MJ/kg gross energy) experimental diets were made by substituting 0%, 10%, 20%, 40%, and 60% FM protein with PBPM protein, which were designated accordingly as PBPM0 (the control), PBPM10, PBPM20, PBPM40, and PBPM60, respectively. Each diet was fed to triplicates of ten post-smolts (initial individual body weight, 180.13 ± 1.32 g) in three floating cages three times daily (6:50, 11:50, and 16:50) to apparent satiation for 84 days. Both specific growth rate (SGR) and protein efficiency ratio did not differ significantly ( > 0.05) among the control, PBPM10, and PBPM20 groups, which were remarkably ( < 0.05) higher than those of the PBPM40 and PBPM60 groups. Feed conversion ratio varied inversely with SGR. The PBPM replacement had no remarkable effects on the morphological indices and proximal muscle components. The control and PBPM10 groups led to significantly higher muscle contents of leucine, lysine, and methionine than groups of higher PBPM inclusion. The groups of PBPM40 and PBPM60 obtained significantly ( < 0.05) higher serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase activities than the control and low PBPM inclusion groups. The control group had significantly higher albumin and total cholesterol contents than the groups with PBPM inclusion. The control group had significantly higher triglycerides content than the PBPM60 group. The PBPM60 group had significantly lower contents of high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, and total protein than the control and PBPM10 groups. The high PBPM replacement level up to 40% and 60% had adverse effects on hepatic malondialdehyde levels. The catalase and superoxide dismutase activities were not affected by low PBPM inclusion, but significantly decreased in high-PBPM-inclusion groups. Based on broken-line regression analysis of SGR and PER, the optimum dietary PBPM replacing level was evaluated to be 16.63-17.50% of FM protein for coho salmon post-smolts.
本研究评估了用家禽副产品粉（PBPM）部分替代鱼粉（FM）对银大麻哈鱼（）降海型幼鱼生长、肌肉组成和组织生化参数的影响。通过用PBPM蛋白替代0%、10%、20%、40%和60%的FM蛋白，制备了五种等氮（7.45%氮）和等能（18.61兆焦/千克总能）的实验饲料，分别命名为PBPM0（对照）、PBPM10、PBPM20、PBPM40和PBPM60。每种饲料投喂三个浮动网箱中每组10尾降海型幼鱼（初始个体体重180.13±1.32克）的三个重复组，每天投喂三次（6:50、11:50和16:50），直至明显饱食，持续84天。对照、PBPM10和PBPM20组的特定生长率（SGR）和蛋白质效率比均无显著差异（>0.05），显著高于（<0.05）PBPM40和PBPM60组。饲料转化率与SGR呈反比。PBPM替代对形态指标和近端肌肉成分无显著影响。对照和PBPM10组的亮氨酸、赖氨酸和蛋氨酸肌肉含量显著高于PBPM含量较高的组。PBPM40和PBPM60组的血清丙氨酸氨基转移酶和天冬氨酸氨基转移酶活性显著高于（<0.05）对照和低PBPM添加组。对照组的白蛋白和总胆固醇含量显著高于添加PBPM的组。对照组的甘油三酯含量显著高于PBPM60组。PBPM60组的高密度脂蛋白、低密度脂蛋白和总蛋白含量显著低于对照和PBPM10组。高达40%和60%的高PBPM替代水平对肝脏丙二醛水平有不利影响。过氧化氢酶和超氧化物歧化酶活性不受低PBPM添加的影响，但在高PBPM添加组中显著降低。基于SGR和PER的折线回归分析，评估出银大麻哈鱼降海型幼鱼饲料中PBPM替代FM蛋白的最佳水平为16.63 - 17.50%。
