Campbell H, Paterson P, Letley L, Saliba V, Mounier-Jack S, Yarwood J
Department of Immunisation and Countermeasures, UK Health Security Agency, UK.
Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene, & Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, UK.
Vaccine X. 2023 Jul 7;14:100345. doi: 10.1016/j.jvacx.2023.100345. eCollection 2023 Aug.
Immunisation programmes have led to substantial reductions in vaccine-preventable infectious diseases globally. A variety of factors have been shown to impact parental confidence and uptake of childhood vaccines, from concerns about vaccine safety to a lack of perceived need. Determinants of vaccine decision making include information, risk perceptions, and modifying factors such as attitude, identity, norms, habit and barriers. With the rise of the internet and social media, there has been a vast increase in information available about vaccines, not all scientifically-based and well-informed.
285 locations in England were randomly selected to survey a nationally representative sample of the English population. 1735 primary care givers of children aged between 2 months and <5 years old from England were randomly selected and surveyed via face-to-face interviews between January and March 2019.
A much higher percentage of parents surveyed trust health care workers, the NHS, pharmacists and government for advice about immunisation, in comparison to media, the internet and social media. Most parents use official sources to obtain information on vaccines including parents who use the internet. The small proportion of parents who reported having seen negative information about vaccines were more likely to find it on the internet. Parents who felt they did not have enough information were more likely to have delayed or refused a vaccine for their child.
This study showed that for parents of young children in England, vaccination continues to be the social norm but this can rapidly change and clear, consistent messaging from trusted sources continues to be important. Although a proportion do seek vaccine information on the internet, the majority use official sources. Representative attitudinal surveys continue to be key in identifying any emerging threats to parental vaccine confidence.
免疫规划已在全球范围内大幅减少了疫苗可预防的传染病。多种因素已被证明会影响父母对儿童疫苗的信心和接种意愿，从对疫苗安全性的担忧到缺乏可感知的需求。疫苗决策的决定因素包括信息、风险认知以及诸如态度、身份、规范、习惯和障碍等调节因素。随着互联网和社交媒体的兴起，关于疫苗的可用信息大量增加，但并非所有信息都基于科学且准确。
在英格兰随机选择285个地点，对具有全国代表性的英格兰人口样本进行调查。2019年1月至3月期间，从英格兰随机挑选1735名2个月至未满5岁儿童的初级护理人员，并通过面对面访谈进行调查。
与媒体、互联网和社交媒体相比，接受调查的父母中，信任医护人员、国民保健服务体系（NHS）、药剂师和政府提供疫苗接种建议的比例要高得多。大多数父母使用官方渠道获取疫苗信息，包括使用互联网的父母。报告看过疫苗负面信息的一小部分父母更有可能在互联网上看到此类信息。觉得自己没有足够信息的父母更有可能推迟或拒绝为孩子接种疫苗。
这项研究表明，对于英格兰幼儿的父母来说，接种疫苗仍然是社会规范，但这种情况可能会迅速改变，来自可靠来源的清晰、一致的信息仍然很重要。虽然有一部分人确实在互联网上寻求疫苗信息，但大多数人使用官方渠道。具有代表性的态度调查仍然是识别对父母疫苗信心的任何新出现威胁的关键。
