Xu Hongbing, Song Jing, He Xinghou, Guan Xinpeng, Wang Tong, Zhu Yutong, Xu Xin, Li Mengyao, Liu Lingyan, Zhang Bin, Fang Jiakun, Zhao Qian, Song Xiaoming, Xu Baoping, Huang Wei
Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences Peking University School of Public Health Peking University Institute of Environmental Medicine Beijing China.
State Key Laboratory of Vascular Homeostasis and Remodeling Peking University Beijing China.
Geohealth. 2023 Aug 1;7(8):e2023GH000820. doi: 10.1029/2023GH000820. eCollection 2023 Aug.
Carbon loading in airway cells has shown to worsen function of antimicrobial peptides, permitting increased survival of pathogens in the respiratory tract; however, data on the impacts of carbon particles on childhood acute respiratory infection (ARI) is limited. We assembled daily health data on outpatient visits for ARI (bronchitis, pneumonia, and total upper respiratory infection [TURI]) in children aged 0-14 years between 2015 and 2019 in Beijing, China. Anthropogenic carbons, including black carbon (BC) and its emission sources, and wood smoke particles (delta carbon, ultra-violet absorbing particulate matter, and brown carbon) were continuously monitored. Using a time-stratified case-crossover approach, conditional logistic regression was performed to derive risk estimates for each outcome. A total of 856,899 children were included, and a wide range of daily carbon particle concentrations was observed, with large variations for BC (0.36-20.44) and delta carbon (0.48-57.66 μg/m). Exposure to these particles were independently associated with ARI, with nearly linear exposure-response relationships. Interquartile range increases in concentrations of BC and delta carbon over prior 0-8 days, we observed elevation of the odd ratio of bronchitis by 1.201 (95% confidence interval, 1.180, 1.221) and 1.048 (95% CI, 1.039, 1.057), respectively. Stronger association was observed for BC from traffic sources, which increased the odd ratio of bronchitis by 1.298 (95% CI, 1.273, 1.324). Carbon particles were also associated with elevated risks of pneumonia and TURI, and subgroup analyses indicated greater risks among children older than 6 years. Our findings suggested that anthropogenic carbons in metropolitan areas may pose a significant threat to clinical manifestations of respiratory infections in vulnerable populations.
气道细胞中的碳负荷已被证明会使抗菌肽功能恶化，从而使呼吸道中的病原体存活率增加；然而，关于碳颗粒对儿童急性呼吸道感染（ARI）影响的数据有限。我们收集了2015年至2019年期间中国北京0至14岁儿童ARI（支气管炎、肺炎和全上呼吸道感染[TURI]）门诊就诊的每日健康数据。对包括黑碳（BC）及其排放源在内的人为碳以及木烟颗粒（δ碳、紫外线吸收颗粒物和棕碳）进行了连续监测。采用时间分层病例交叉方法，进行条件逻辑回归以得出每种结局的风险估计值。共纳入856,899名儿童，观察到每日碳颗粒浓度范围广泛，BC（0.36 - 20.44）和δ碳（0.48 - 57.66μg/m）变化很大。接触这些颗粒与ARI独立相关，且存在近乎线性的暴露 - 反应关系。在之前0至8天内，BC和δ碳浓度的四分位数间距增加，我们分别观察到支气管炎的比值比升高了1.201（95%置信区间，1.180, 1.221）和1.048（95% CI，1.039, 1.057）。来自交通源的BC关联更强，其使支气管炎的比值比增加了1.298（95% CI，1.273, 1.324）。碳颗粒还与肺炎和TURI风险升高相关，亚组分析表明6岁以上儿童的风险更高。我们的研究结果表明，大都市地区的人为碳可能对脆弱人群呼吸道感染的临床表现构成重大威胁。
