Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.
Emory University School of Medicine/Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, 2015 Uppergate Drive Northeast, ECC Room 324, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA.
Clin Perinatol. 2023 Sep;50(3):715-728. doi: 10.1016/j.clp.2023.04.008. Epub 2023 Jun 23.
Congenital gastrointestinal disorders and other surgical diagnoses share many common problems: increased nutritional requirements to prevent catabolism, enhance wound healing, and provide optimal growth; impaired motility and altered intestinal flora leading to feeding intolerance requiring long-term parenteral nutrition; gastroesophageal reflux and poor feeding mechanics requiring tube feedings and support; growth failure; poor barrier function and risk of infection; and other long-term sequelae. Consequently, the surgical "at-risk" infant requires specialized nutritional support to meet their increased requirements to ensure adequate growth and meet the increased demands from critical illness.
增加营养需求以防止分解代谢、促进伤口愈合和提供最佳生长；运动障碍和肠道菌群改变导致喂养不耐受，需要长期肠外营养；胃食管反流和喂养力学不良需要管饲和支持；生长不良；屏障功能差和感染风险；以及其他长期后遗症。因此，手术“高危”婴儿需要专门的营养支持来满足其增加的需求，以确保充足的生长并满足重病的高要求。
