Aguilar Raúl
Departamento de Psicología Básica, Facultad de Psicología y Logopedia, Universidad de Málaga, C/ Doctor Ortiz Ramos, 12, Ampliación de Teatinos, 29010, Málaga, Spain.
Arch Sex Behav. 2023 Nov;52(8):3301-3312. doi: 10.1007/s10508-023-02670-y. Epub 2023 Aug 3.
Some similarities between sex differences and sexual orientation differences, with gay men shifted in female-typical directions and lesbians shifted in male-typical directions, have been hypothesized to reflect the effects of prenatal androgen exposure. This report assessed sex-linked personality and cognitive traits in a Spanish sample of 1117 straight (i.e., heterosexual) and non-straight (i.e., non-heterosexual) men and women, using finger-length ratio (2D:4D) as an index of prenatal androgen exposure. Observed sex differences were in the expected direction: Measures of right-hand 2D:4D, left-hand 2D:4D, and anxiety were higher in straight women than men, whereas impulsivity, dominance, cognitive reflection, and mathematical proficiency were higher in straight men than women. Gay men proved to be shifted in a female-typical direction compared to straight men for right-hand 2D:4D, left-hand 2D:4D, anxiety, and cognitive reflection; they were intermediate for dominance and mathematics, and were shifted in a male-typical direction for impulsivity. Lesbians were shifted in a male-typical direction compared to straight women for left-hand 2D:4D, anxiety, cognitive reflection, and mathematics; and they were shifted in a highly female-typical direction for impulsivity and dominance (scoring lower than straight women). Observed sex-linked shifts in gay men and lesbians were larger for psychological traits that displayed larger sex differences, and smallest for impulsivity (which displayed the smallest sex difference). Evidence also suggested that sex-related measures were linked to 2D:4D in theoretically meaningful ways. In conclusion, this report suggests a plausible role of androgens as prenatal determinants of sex-linked personality and cognitive traits in straight and non-straight men and women.
有假设认为，性别差异和性取向差异之间存在一些相似之处，男同性恋者在女性典型特征方向上有偏移，女同性恋者在男性典型特征方向上有偏移，这反映了产前雄激素暴露的影响。本报告以指长比（2D:4D）作为产前雄激素暴露的指标，对1117名西班牙异性恋和非异性恋男性及女性样本中的性别相关人格和认知特征进行了评估。观察到的性别差异符合预期方向：异性恋女性右手2D:4D、左手2D:4D和焦虑水平的测量值高于男性，而异性恋男性的冲动性、支配性、认知反射和数学能力高于女性。与异性恋男性相比，男同性恋者在右手2D:4D、左手2D:4D、焦虑和认知反射方面表现出向女性典型特征方向的偏移；在支配性和数学方面处于中间水平，在冲动性方面则向男性典型特征方向偏移。与异性恋女性相比，女同性恋者在左手2D:4D、焦虑、认知反射和数学方面表现出向男性典型特征方向的偏移；在冲动性和支配性方面则向高度女性典型特征方向偏移（得分低于异性恋女性）。在男同性恋者和女同性恋者中观察到的与性别相关的偏移，对于显示出较大性别差异的心理特征来说更大，而对于冲动性（显示出最小的性别差异）来说最小。证据还表明，与性别相关的测量值在理论上有意义的方式上与2D:4D相关。总之，本报告表明雄激素作为产前决定异性恋和非异性恋男性及女性性别相关人格和认知特征的因素，可能发挥了作用。
