Choodinatha Harshitha Kallubhavi, Jeon Min Ryeong, Choi Bo Young, Lee Kyong-No, Kim Hyeon Ji, Park Jee Yoon
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Korea.
Obstet Gynecol Sci. 2023 Nov;66(6):463-476. doi: 10.5468/ogs.23117. Epub 2023 Aug 4.
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection during pregnancy is a global silent problem. Additionally, it is the leading cause of congenital infections, non-genetic sensorineural hearing loss, and neurodevelopmental delays in infants. However, this has barely been recognized globally. This condition lacks adequate attention, which is further emphasized by the lack of awareness among healthcare workers and the general population. The impact of CMV infection is often overlooked because of the asymptomatic nature of its presentation in infected pregnant women and newborns, difficulty in diagnosis, and the perception that infants born to women with pre-existing antibodies against CMV have normal neonatal outcomes. This article highlights the latest information on the epidemiology, transmission, clinical manifestations, and development of CMV infection and its management. We reviewed the pathophysiology and clinical manifestations of CMV infection in pregnant women, diagnostic methods, including screening and prognostic markers, and updates in treatment modalities. Current advancements in research on vaccination and hyperimmunoglobulins with worldwide treatment protocols are highlighted.
孕期巨细胞病毒（CMV）感染是一个全球性的隐性问题。此外，它是先天性感染、非遗传性感音神经性听力损失以及婴儿神经发育迟缓的主要原因。然而，这在全球范围内几乎未得到认可。这种情况缺乏足够的关注，医护人员和普通人群的认知不足进一步凸显了这一点。由于CMV感染在受感染孕妇和新生儿中表现为无症状，诊断困难，以及认为已有抗CMV抗体的女性所生婴儿具有正常的新生儿结局，CMV感染的影响常常被忽视。本文重点介绍了CMV感染的流行病学、传播、临床表现、发展及其管理的最新信息。我们回顾了孕妇CMV感染的病理生理学和临床表现、诊断方法，包括筛查和预后标志物，以及治疗方式的进展。文中还强调了全球治疗方案中疫苗接种和高效价免疫球蛋白研究的当前进展。
