Hou Weihan, Wei Yangjie
Key Laboratory of Intelligent Computing in Medical Image, Ministry of Education, College of Computer Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Wenhua Street 3, Shenyang 110819, China.
Heliyon. 2023 Jul 2;9(7):e17869. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e17869. eCollection 2023 Jul.
Intensity diffusion caused by optical diffraction limits the imaging resolution of conventional optical microscopes, therefore modelling and measuring the intensity transmission and distribution property of the light sources is a significant research topic in system development and pattern recognition. However, the complicated wave propagation process in optical imaging makes it difficult to provide a direct, analytical and simple mathematical model to measure the relationship between the blur degree and various camera parameters. In this study, an improved intensity transmission and distribution calculation method for conventional optical microscopes was proposed; furthermore, a simple mathematical relation between the blur degree and camera parameters was achieved based on the proposed method. First, the light intensity distribution and propagation characteristics of a conventional optical microscope were modeled based on the property of the Fresnel circular hole diffraction combined with the practical optical parameters. Second, by analyzing the property of intensity distribution and blurring imaging, a quantitative simplified mathematical relationship between the blur degree and camera parameters in optical microscope imaging was obtained, and the three-dimensional (3D) blur property in the optical imaging process was analyzed under different conditions. Third, the connection between diffractive optics and geometric optics was obtained by summarizing and generalizing the 3D blur property curve of each monochromatic light source. Finally, the proposed method was verified through a series of simulations and experiments.
由光学衍射引起的强度扩散限制了传统光学显微镜的成像分辨率，因此对光源的强度传输和分布特性进行建模和测量是系统开发和模式识别中的一个重要研究课题。然而，光学成像中复杂的波传播过程使得难以提供一个直接、解析且简单的数学模型来测量模糊程度与各种相机参数之间的关系。在本研究中，提出了一种改进的传统光学显微镜强度传输和分布计算方法；此外，基于所提出的方法实现了模糊程度与相机参数之间的简单数学关系。首先，基于菲涅尔圆孔衍射特性并结合实际光学参数，对传统光学显微镜的光强分布和传播特性进行建模。其次，通过分析强度分布特性和模糊成像，得到了光学显微镜成像中模糊程度与相机参数之间的定量简化数学关系，并分析了不同条件下光学成像过程中的三维（3D）模糊特性。第三，通过总结和归纳各单色光源的3D模糊特性曲线，得到了衍射光学与几何光学之间的联系。最后，通过一系列模拟和实验对所提出的方法进行了验证。
