Department of Pharmacy, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China.
J Mater Chem B. 2023 Aug 30;11(34):8081-8095. doi: 10.1039/d3tb00970j.
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a commonly encountered syndrome associated with various aetiologies and pathophysiological processes leading to enormous health risks and economic losses. In the absence of specific drugs to treat AKI, hemodialysis remains the primary clinical treatment for AKI patients. The revelation of the pathology opens new horizons for antioxidant therapy in the treatment of AKI. However, small molecule antioxidant drugs and common nanozymes have failed to challenge AKI due to their unsatisfactory drug properties and renal physiological barriers. 0-Dimensional (0D) antioxidant nanodrugs stand out at this time thanks to their small size and high performance. Recently, a number of research studies have been carried out around 0D nanodrugs for alleviating AKI, and their multi-antioxidant enzyme mimetic activities, smooth glomerular filtration barrier permeability and excellent biocompatibility have been investigated. Here, we comprehensively summarize recent advances in 0D nanodrugs for AKI antioxidant therapy. We classify these representative studies into three categories according to the characteristics of 0D nanomaterials, namely ultra-small metal nanodots, inorganic non-metallic quantum dots and polymer nanodots. We focus on the antioxidant mechanisms and their distribution in each inspiring work, and the purpose and ingenuity of each design are rigorously captured and described. Finally, we provide our reflections and prospects for 0D antioxidant nanodrugs in AKI treatment. This mini review provides unique insights and valuable clues in the design of 0D nanodrugs and other kidney absorbable drugs.
急性肾损伤（AKI）是一种常见的综合征，与各种病因和病理生理过程有关，会带来巨大的健康风险和经济损失。在缺乏特异性治疗 AKI 的药物的情况下，血液透析仍然是 AKI 患者的主要临床治疗方法。对其病理机制的揭示为 AKI 的抗氧化治疗开辟了新的前景。然而，由于药物性质和肾脏生理屏障的原因，小分子抗氧化药物和常见的纳米酶都未能挑战 AKI。此时，零维（0D）抗氧化纳米药物因其尺寸小、性能高而脱颖而出。最近，围绕 0D 纳米药物缓解 AKI 的研究有了一些进展，其多抗氧化酶模拟活性、肾小球滤过屏障通透性的改善和良好的生物相容性得到了研究。在这里，我们全面总结了 0D 纳米药物在 AKI 抗氧化治疗中的最新进展。我们根据 0D 纳米材料的特点将这些代表性研究分为三类，即超小金属纳米点、无机非金属量子点和聚合物纳米点。我们重点介绍了每种有启发性工作中的抗氧化机制及其分布，以及每个设计的目的和巧妙之处都被严格捕捉和描述。最后，我们对 0D 抗氧化纳米药物在 AKI 治疗中的应用提出了我们的反思和展望。这篇迷你综述为 0D 纳米药物和其他可被肾脏吸收的药物的设计提供了独特的见解和有价值的线索。
