Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Department of Radiology, University Hospital of Copenhagen, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Surg Radiol Anat. 2023 Sep;45(9):1177-1184. doi: 10.1007/s00276-023-03195-8. Epub 2023 Aug 5.
Cadaver dissections and X-ray based 3D angiography are considered gold standards for studying neurovascular anatomy. We sought to develop a model that utilize the combination of both these techniques to improve current tools for anatomical research, teaching and preoperative surgical planning, particularly addressing the venous system of the brain.
Seven ethanol-fixed human cadaveric heads and one arm were injected with a latex-barium mixture into the internal jugular veins and the brachial artery. After the ethanol-based fixation, specimens were scanned by high-resolution cone-beam CT and images were post-processed on a 3D-workstation. Subsequent, microsurgical dissections were performed by an experienced neurosurgeon and venous anatomy was compared with relevant 3D venograms.
Latex-barium mixtures resulted in a homogenous cast with filling of the cerebral venous structures down to 150 μm in diameter. The ethanol-based preparation of the cadaveric brains allowed for near-realistic microsurgical maneuverability during dissection. The model improves assessment of the venous system for anatomical education and hands-on surgical training.
To our knowledge we describe the first preparation method which combines near-realistic microsurgical dissection of human heads with high-resolution 3D imaging of the cerebral venous system in the same specimens.
尸体解剖和基于 X 射线的 3D 血管造影被认为是研究神经血管解剖结构的金标准。我们试图开发一种模型，结合这两种技术来改进现有的解剖学研究、教学和术前手术规划工具，特别是针对大脑的静脉系统。
将乳胶-钡混合物注入 7 个人体乙醇固定头颅和 1 个人体手臂的颈内静脉和肱动脉内。乙醇固定后，标本用高分辨率锥形束 CT 扫描，并在 3D 工作站上进行后处理。随后，由经验丰富的神经外科医生进行显微解剖，并将静脉解剖与相关的 3D 静脉造影进行比较。
乳胶-钡混合物形成了均匀的铸型，可填充直径达 150μm 的脑静脉结构。乙醇固定的头颅尸体标本允许在解剖过程中进行近乎真实的显微手术操作。该模型提高了对静脉系统的评估，有利于解剖学教育和实际手术训练。
据我们所知，我们首次描述了一种制备方法，该方法将人体头颅的近乎真实的显微解剖与同一标本中脑静脉系统的高分辨率 3D 成像相结合。
