Public Health Specialist Network (ESDN PH), European Federation of Association of Dietetics (EFAD), Europe; Global Research on Wellbeing (GRoW) research group, Blanquerna School of Health Sciences, Universitat Ramon Lull, Barcelona, Spain.
Adv Nutr. 2023 Sep;14(5):995-1004. doi: 10.1016/j.advnut.2023.07.008. Epub 2023 Aug 3.
In recent years, the interest in food and nutrition insecurity in high-income countries has skyrocketed. However, its recognition in Europe is still developing. This perspective summarizes the evidence on food and nutrition insecurity across Europe in terms of prevalence, consequences, and current mitigation strategies, with the aim of outlining the challenges and opportunities for dietitians. Prevalence in the general population ranges between 5% and 20%, with higher rates identified in women, children, older adults, single-parent households, those with low educational attainment, and on low or unstable income and/or employment. In users of food aid, the prevalence of food insecurity is above 70%. Responses to food and nutrition insecurity include welfare policies and food assistance programs at regional and national levels. However, most current strategies are not successful in tackling the structural drivers of food and nutrition insecurity, nor do they guarantee diet quality. Despite limited involvement to-date, dietitians can play an important role in addressing food and nutrition insecurity across Europe. This narrative identifies 4 areas: 1) create awareness of the existence and severity of food and nutrition insecurity, 2) advocate for comprehensive, robust data on the determinants and prevalence, 3) partner with diverse stakeholders, social assistance providers, local authorities, and nongovernmental organizations in a comprehensive, intersectoral, and integrated manner, 4) participate in the development of political instruments and interventions that ensure equitable access to high-quality safe food.
近年来，高收入国家对食品和营养不安全问题的关注急剧上升。然而，欧洲对这一问题的认识仍在发展之中。本文从流行程度、后果和当前缓解策略等方面总结了欧洲各地的食品和营养不安全问题的证据，旨在概述营养师面临的挑战和机遇。一般人群中的流行率在 5%至 20%之间，女性、儿童、老年人、单亲家庭、受教育程度低、收入低或不稳定以及/或就业的人群中发病率较高。在食品援助使用者中，食品不安全的流行率超过 70%。针对食品和营养不安全问题的对策包括区域和国家各级的福利政策和食品援助方案。然而，大多数现行策略在解决食品和营养不安全的结构性驱动因素方面并不成功，也不能保证饮食质量。尽管营养师迄今为止的参与有限，但他们可以在解决欧洲各地的食品和营养不安全问题方面发挥重要作用。本综述确定了 4 个领域：1）提高对食品和营养不安全的存在和严重程度的认识，2）倡导对决定因素和流行程度进行全面、有力的数据收集，3）以全面、跨部门和综合的方式与不同利益攸关方、社会援助提供者、地方当局和非政府组织合作，4）参与制定确保公平获得高质量安全食品的政治工具和干预措施。
