Department of Ecology and Environmental Protection, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Lodzki sq. 3, 10-727, Olsztyn, Poland.
Department of Mathematical Modelling and Applied Informatics, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Sloneczna 54, 10-719, Olsztyn, Poland.
Sci Rep. 2023 Aug 5;13(1):12699. doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-39689-z.
The relationships between the species that form the networks in small dystrophic lakes remain poorly recognised. To investigate and better understand the functioning of beetle communities in different ecosystems, we created three network models that we subjected to graph network analysis. This approach displays correlation-based networks of connections (edges) between objects (nodes) by evaluating the features of the whole network and the attributes of nodes and edges in the context of their roles, expressed by centrality metrics. We used this method to determine the importance of specific species in the networks and the interspecific relationships. Our analyses are based on faunal material collected from 25 dystrophic lakes in three regions of northern Poland. We found a total of 104 species representing different ecological elements and functional trophic groups. We have shown that the network of relationships between the biomass of species differs considerably in the three study regions. The Kashubian Lakeland had the highest cohesion and density, while the network in the Suwalki Lakeland was the thinnest and most heterogeneous, which might be related to the fractal structure and the degree of development of the studied lakes. Small-bodied predators that congregated in different clusters with species with similar ecological preferences dominated all networks. We found the highest correlations in the Masurian Lakeland, where we obtained the highest centralisation of the network. Small tyrphophiles typically occupied the central places in the network, while the periphery of the network consisted of clusters with different habitat preferences, including large predators. The species that were most important for network cohesion and density were mainly tyrphophilous species, such as Anacaena lutescens, Hygrotus decoratus, Enochrus melanocephalus and Hydroporus neglectus. The values of attributes determining the role of species in community networks were influenced by both biotic and environmental factors.
小贫营养湖中形成网络的物种之间的关系仍然认识不足。为了研究和更好地了解不同生态系统中甲虫群落的功能，我们创建了三个网络模型，并对其进行了图网络分析。这种方法通过评估整个网络的特征以及节点和边的属性及其在中心度指标表达的角色中的属性，显示了连接（边）对象（节点）之间基于相关性的网络。我们使用这种方法来确定网络中特定物种的重要性和种间关系。我们的分析基于从波兰北部三个地区的 25 个贫营养湖中收集的动物区系材料。我们共发现了 104 个代表不同生态要素和功能营养组的物种。我们表明，三个研究区域的物种生物量之间的关系网络存在显著差异。卡舒比湖地区的凝聚力和密度最高，而苏瓦乌基湖地区的网络最稀疏且最不均匀，这可能与研究湖泊的分形结构和发育程度有关。聚集在具有相似生态偏好的物种不同集群中的小体型捕食者主导着所有网络。我们在聚集了最高中央化网络的马祖里湖区发现了最高的相关性。小型拟态类通常占据网络的中心位置，而网络的外围则由具有不同栖息地偏好的集群组成，包括大型捕食者。对网络凝聚力和密度最重要的物种主要是拟态物种，如 A. lutescens、H. decoratus、E. melanocephalus 和 H. neglectus。确定物种在群落网络中作用的属性值受到生物和环境因素的影响。
