Digestive Disease Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Bam University of Medical Sciences, Bam, Iran.
Arch Iran Med. 2022 Dec 1;25(12):767-778. doi: 10.34172/aim.2022.122.
During the past three decades, neonate, infant, and child mortality declined in North Africa and Middle East. However, there is substantial heterogeneity in mortality rates across countries.
This study is part of the Global Burden of Diseases study (GBD) 2019. We report the number as well as mortality rates for neonates, infants, and children by cause across 21 countries in the region since 1990.
Between 1990 and 2019, the neonate mortality rate in the region declined from 31.9 (29.8, 34.0) to 12.2 (11.1, 13.3) per 1000 live births. Respective figures for under 5 mortality rates (U5MRs) were 79.1 (75.7, 82.7) in 1990 and 24.4 (22.3, 26.7) per 1000 live births in 2019. The majority of deaths among children under 5 years were due to under 1 year deaths: 75.9% in 1990 and 81.8% in 2019. Mortality rates in males were higher than females. The mortality rate among neonates ranged from 2.4 (2.1, 2.6) per 1000 live births in Bahrain to 25.0 (21.6, 28.4) in Afghanistan in 2019. Similarly, in 2019, the U5MR ranged from 5.0 (4.2-6.0) per 1000 live births in United Arab Emirates to 55.3 (47.9-63.5) in Afghanistan. Neonatal disorders, congenital birth defects, and lower respiratory infections were the three main causes of neonate, infant, and child mortality in almost all countries in the region.
In 2019, most countries in this region have achieved the SDG targets for neonate and child mortality. However, there is still substantial heterogeneity across countries.
在过去的三十年中，北非和中东地区的新生儿、婴儿和儿童死亡率有所下降。然而，各国的死亡率存在很大的差异。
本研究是 2019 年全球疾病负担研究（GBD）的一部分。我们报告了自 1990 年以来该地区 21 个国家的新生儿、婴儿和儿童因各种原因导致的死亡人数和死亡率。
1990 年至 2019 年期间，该地区新生儿死亡率从每 1000 例活产 31.9 例（29.8 至 34.0）降至 12.2 例（11.1 至 13.3）。同期，5 岁以下儿童死亡率（U5MR）分别从 1990 年的每 1000 例活产 79.1 例降至 2019 年的每 1000 例活产 24.4 例。5 岁以下儿童死亡的大部分是 1 岁以下儿童：1990 年占 75.9%，2019 年占 81.8%。男童死亡率高于女童。新生儿死亡率在各国之间存在差异，2019 年，巴林的新生儿死亡率为每 1000 例活产 2.4 例（2.1 至 2.6），阿富汗的新生儿死亡率为每 1000 例活产 25.0 例（21.6 至 28.4）。同样，2019 年阿联酋的 U5MR 为每 1000 例活产 5.0 例（4.2 至 6.0），阿富汗的 U5MR 为每 1000 例活产 55.3 例（47.9 至 63.5）。新生儿疾病、先天性出生缺陷和下呼吸道感染是该地区几乎所有国家新生儿、婴儿和儿童死亡的三个主要原因。
2019 年，该地区大多数国家已实现新生儿和儿童死亡率方面的可持续发展目标。然而，各国之间仍然存在很大的差异。
