Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, United States.
Coastal Oregon Marine Experiment Station, Department of Fisheries, Wildlife, and Conservation Sciences, Oregon State University, Newport, OR, United States.
J Hazard Mater. 2022 May 5;429:128319. doi: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.128319. Epub 2022 Jan 20.
Environmental sampling has documented a diversity of microplastics, including high levels of black rubber- generally identified as tire debris. Though organisms have been shown to ingest tire particles (TPs), past research focused on toxicity of leachate alone, overlooking potential effects of particles. To address these gaps, we assessed the toxicity of micro (1-20 µm) and nano (<1 µm) TPs for two model organisms, embryonic Zebrafish Danio rerio and the crustacean Daphnia magna. To assess effects on development, Zebrafish embryos were exposed to concentrations of TPs or leachate ranging from 0 to 3.0 × 10 particles/ml and 0-100% respectively (n = 4). Greater mortality and sublethal malformations were observed following nano TP and leachate exposures as compared to micro TPs. Unique abnormalities between the exposures indicates that there is both chemical and particle-specific toxicity. We also observed D. magna mortality following a 48 h exposure of neonate to TPs or leachate, ranging from 0 to 3.3 × 10 particles/ml and 0-100% respectively (n = 3). Though, particle-enhancement of toxicity was observed for both Zebrafish and D. magna, overall sensitivity to TPs differed. It is important to identify differential toxicities across species to achieve an understanding of the environmental impacts of TPs and the chemicals they leach.
环境采样记录了多种微塑料，包括高水平的黑色橡胶——通常被认为是轮胎碎片。尽管已经证明生物体摄入了轮胎颗粒（TPs），但过去的研究仅关注浸出物的毒性，而忽略了颗粒的潜在影响。为了解决这些差距，我们评估了微（1-20μm）和纳米（<1μm）TPs 对两种模式生物，斑马鱼胚胎和甲壳类动物大型溞的毒性。为了评估对发育的影响，将斑马鱼胚胎暴露于 TPs 或浸出物浓度范围为 0 至 3.0×10 个颗粒/ml 和 0 至 100%（n=4）。与微 TPs 相比，纳米 TP 和浸出物暴露后观察到更高的死亡率和亚致死畸形。暴露之间的独特异常表明存在化学和颗粒特异性毒性。我们还观察到在暴露于 TPs 或浸出物的 48 小时内，大型溞的死亡率，范围为 0 至 3.3×10 个颗粒/ml 和 0 至 100%（n=3）。尽管对斑马鱼和大型溞都观察到了颗粒增强毒性，但对 TPs 的总体敏感性不同。识别不同物种的毒性差异对于了解 TPs 的环境影响及其浸出的化学物质非常重要。
