Key Laboratory of Testing and Evaluation for Aquatic Product Safety and Quality, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China.
Research Center of Harmful Algae and Marine Biology, College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 10362, China.
Harmful Algae. 2023 Aug;127:102479. doi: 10.1016/j.hal.2023.102479. Epub 2023 Jul 9.
The toxic Prorocentrum lima complex can potentially cause serious harm to the benthos and entire food chain. Studies have revealed physiological differences in strains from different regions related to local environment, while differences in the adaptive responses of P. lima complex should be urgently assessed. Hence, this study explored the adaptive responses to varying light intensities and photoperiods of two P. lima complex strains SHG101 and 3XS34, isolated from the Bohai Sea and the South China Sea, respectively. We found the highest cell density of 7.49 × 10 cells mL recorded in the 3XS strain in the stationary phase with high light intensity exposure. No significant difference was observed in growth rate among SHG groups, however, significant differences were found among 3XS groups ranging from 0.176 to 0.311 d. Three key pigments Chl a, Peri, and Fuco accounted for up to 60% of the total pigments. Production and concentrations of pigments and F/F values exhibit a significant negative correlation with high light intensity and growth. Conversely, total diarrhetic shellfish toxin content and the proportion of diol esters increased to varying degrees after high intensity light exposure, with 3XS strain under high light intensity and a photoperiod of light and darkness (12L:12D) consistently exhibiting the highest levels, finally reaching a maximum (21.6 pg cell) at day 28. A shortened photoperiod of high light intensity (8L:16D) resulted in impaired recovery compared with 12L:12D. Furthermore, 3XS showed more delayed and intense adaptive responses, indicating a stronger tolerance compared to SHG. Collectively, these results directly characterized variation in the adaptive responses of geographically distinct strains of P. lima complex, highlighting the previously ignored potential risk diversity of this species.
有毒的原甲藻 Lima 复合种可能对底栖生物和整个食物链造成严重危害。研究表明，来自不同地区的菌株在与当地环境相关的生理方面存在差异，而 Lima 复合种的适应性反应差异应紧急评估。因此，本研究探讨了分别从渤海和南海分离的原甲藻 Lima 复合种 SHG101 和 3XS34 两个菌株对不同光照强度和光周期的适应性反应。我们发现，在高光强暴露下，3XS 株在静止期的细胞密度最高，为 7.49×10^6 个细胞/mL。SHG 组的生长率没有显著差异，但 3XS 组的生长率有显著差异，范围从 0.176 到 0.311 d。三种关键色素 Chl a、Peri 和 Fuco 占总色素的 60%。色素和 F/F 值的产生和浓度与高光强和生长呈显著负相关。相反，总腹泻性贝类毒素含量和二醇酯比例在高光强暴露后均有不同程度的增加，在高光强和明暗（12L:12D）的光周期下，3XS 株的含量最高，最终在第 28 天达到最大值（21.6 pg 细胞）。与 12L:12D 相比，高光强的短光周期（8L:16D）导致恢复受损。此外，3XS 表现出更延迟和强烈的适应性反应，表明与 SHG 相比具有更强的耐受性。总的来说，这些结果直接描述了地理上不同的原甲藻 Lima 复合种的适应性反应变化，突出了该物种以前被忽视的潜在风险多样性。
