Rafic Hariri School of Nursing, American University of Beirut, P.O. Box 11-0236, Beirut, 1107 2020, Lebanon.
BMC Infect Dis. 2023 Aug 6;23(1):511. doi: 10.1186/s12879-023-08478-4.
Vaccination is essential to protect from influenza and recently from COVID-19, yet uptake in Lebanon is suboptimal. Several factors determine uptake including knowledge, attitude and policies. We conducted a scoping review of the literature to explore the determinants of influenza and COVID-19 vaccine intent or uptake in Lebanon.
Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines, thirty one peer reviewed studies indexed in six databases Pub Med, EMBASE, Scopus, CINAHL, Medline, and the Cochrane Library were screened. Two students, a senior Librarian and an Associate Professor in nursing searched for eligible studies. The library search strategy followed a combination of three broad concepts (viral influenzas; vaccines; Lebanon). The search timeframe was up till December 31, 2022. Determinants of influenza and COVID-19 vaccine intent or uptake were categorized following the constructs of the Theory of Planned Behavior.
Nine studies investigated influenza vaccine intent or uptake among the public community, parents and healthcare workers. Twenty one studies investigated COVID-19 vaccine intent or uptake among the public community, older refugees, university students, patients with cancer, dentists, and social media users. One study investigated both types of vaccines. A conceptual model of the determinants of vaccine intent and uptake within the Lebanese context was developed. Various determinants included environmental factors, norms, knowledge, perceptions, attitudes, past experiences, behavioral control and hesitancy.
Research on vaccine intent and uptake in Lebanon is still in its infancy, while that of COVID-19 is on the rise. Multifaceted reasons behind the low vaccination rates were observed yet few attempts were made to target vulnerable groups. Further research studies are needed to target vulnerable groups.
接种疫苗对于预防流感和最近的 COVID-19 至关重要，但在黎巴嫩的接种率并不理想。接种率受到多种因素的影响，包括知识、态度和政策。我们进行了一项范围综述，以探讨影响黎巴嫩流感和 COVID-19 疫苗接种意愿或接种率的因素。
根据系统评价和荟萃分析扩展的首选报告项目（PRISMA-ScR）指南，对六家数据库（Pub Med、EMBASE、Scopus、CINAHL、Medline 和 Cochrane Library）中索引的 31 项同行评审研究进行了筛选。两名学生、一名高级图书馆员和一名护理学副教授搜索了合格的研究。图书馆搜索策略采用了三个广泛概念（病毒性流感、疫苗、黎巴嫩）的组合。搜索时间范围截止到 2022 年 12 月 31 日。根据计划行为理论的构建，对流感和 COVID-19 疫苗接种意愿或接种率的决定因素进行了分类。
九项研究调查了公众社区、家长和医护人员对流感疫苗接种意愿或接种率的影响。21 项研究调查了公众社区、老年难民、大学生、癌症患者、牙医和社交媒体用户对 COVID-19 疫苗接种意愿或接种率的影响。一项研究同时调查了两种类型的疫苗。制定了一个在黎巴嫩背景下影响疫苗接种意愿和接种率的决定因素的概念模型。各种决定因素包括环境因素、规范、知识、认知、态度、以往经验、行为控制和犹豫。
关于黎巴嫩疫苗接种意愿和接种率的研究仍处于起步阶段，而关于 COVID-19 的研究则在增加。观察到低接种率背后存在多方面的原因，但很少有尝试针对弱势群体。需要进一步研究针对弱势群体的研究。
