Šarac Ivana, Debeljak-Martačić Jasmina, Takić Marija, Stevanović Vuk, Milešević Jelena, Zeković Milica, Popović Tamara, Jovanović Jovica, Vidović Nevena Kardum
Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, Group for Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Medical Research, National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
Department of Occupational Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Niš, Niš, Serbia.
Front Nutr. 2023 Jul 20;10:1065578. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1065578. eCollection 2023.
Fatty acids (FAs) composition and desaturase activities can be altered in different metabolic conditions, but the adiposity-independent associations with clinical and biochemical indicators of cardiometabolic risk are still unclear. This study aimed to analyze the associations of FAs composition and estimated desaturase activities with anthropometric, clinical, and biochemical cardiometabolic risk indicators in non-diabetic Serbian women, and to investigate if these associations were independent of the level of adiposity and other confounders.
In 76 non-diabetic, otherwise healthy Serbian women, aged 24-68 years, with or without metabolic syndrome or obesity (BMI=23.6±5.6 kg/m2), FA composition in erythrocyte phospholipids was measured by gas-liquid chromatography. Desaturase activities were estimated from product/precursor FAs ratios (D9D:16:1n-7/16:0; D6D:20:3n-6/18:2n-6; D5D:20:4n-6/20:3n-6). Correlations were made with anthropometric, biochemical (serum glucose, triacylglycerols, LDL-C, HDL-C, ALT, AST, and their ratios) and clinical (blood pressure) indicators of cardiometabolic risk. Linear regression models were performed to test the independence of these associations.
Estimated desaturase activities and certain FAs were associated with anthropometric, clinical and biochemical indicators of cardiometabolic risk: D9D, D6D, 16:1n-7 and 20:3n-6 were directly associated, while D5D and 18:0 were inversely associated. However, the associations with clinical and biochemical indicators were not independent of the associations with the level of adiposity, since they were lost after controlling for anthropometric indices. After controlling for multiple confounders (age, postmenopausal status, education, smoking, physical activity, dietary macronutrient intakes, use of supplements, alcohol consumption), the level of adiposity was the most significant predictor of desaturase activities and aforementioned FAs levels, and mediated their association with biochemical/clinical indicators. , desaturase activities predicted the level of adiposity, but not other components of cardiometabolic risk (if the level of adiposity was accounted). While the associations of anthropometric indices with 16:1n-7, 20:3n-6, 18:0 and D9D and D6D activities were linear, the associations with D5D activity were the inverse U-shaped. The only adiposity-independent association of FAs profiles with the indicators of cardiometabolic risk was a positive association of 20:5n-3 with ALT/AST ratio, which requires further exploration.
Additional studies are needed to explore the mechanisms of the observed associations.
脂肪酸（FAs）组成和去饱和酶活性在不同代谢状况下可能会发生改变，但与心脏代谢风险的临床和生化指标之间不依赖于肥胖的关联仍不明确。本研究旨在分析非糖尿病塞尔维亚女性中脂肪酸组成和估计的去饱和酶活性与人体测量学、临床和生化心脏代谢风险指标之间的关联，并调查这些关联是否独立于肥胖水平和其他混杂因素。
在76名年龄在24 - 68岁、患有或未患有代谢综合征或肥胖症（BMI = 23.6±5.6 kg/m²）的非糖尿病且其他方面健康的塞尔维亚女性中，通过气液色谱法测量红细胞磷脂中的脂肪酸组成。根据产物/前体脂肪酸比率（D9D：16:1n - 7/16:0；D6D：20:3n - 6/18:2n - 6；D5D：20:4n - 6/20:3n - 6）估计去饱和酶活性。将其与人体测量学、生化指标（血清葡萄糖、三酰甘油、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶及其比率）和临床指标（血压）等心脏代谢风险指标进行相关性分析。进行线性回归模型以检验这些关联的独立性。
估计的去饱和酶活性和某些脂肪酸与心脏代谢风险的人体测量学、临床和生化指标相关：D9D、D6D、16:1n - 7和20:3n - 6呈正相关，而D5D和18:0呈负相关。然而，与临床和生化指标的关联并非独立于与肥胖水平的关联，因为在控制人体测量指标后这些关联消失了。在控制多个混杂因素（年龄、绝经后状态、教育程度、吸烟、身体活动、膳食常量营养素摄入量、补充剂使用、饮酒量）后，肥胖水平是去饱和酶活性和上述脂肪酸水平的最显著预测因素，并介导了它们与生化/临床指标的关联。此外，去饱和酶活性可预测肥胖水平，但不能预测心脏代谢风险的其他组成部分（如果考虑肥胖水平）。虽然人体测量指标与16:1n - 7、20:3n - 6、18:0以及D9D和D6D活性的关联是线性的，但与D5D活性的关联呈倒U形。脂肪酸谱与心脏代谢风险指标之间唯一不依赖于肥胖的关联是20:5n - 3与谷丙转氨酶/谷草转氨酶比率呈正相关，这需要进一步探索。
需要进一步研究来探索所观察到的关联的机制。
