Department of Gastroenterology and Digestive Endoscopy, AORN "Antonio Cardarelli", Naples 80131, Italy.
Department of General and Emergency Radiology, AORN "Antonio Cardarelli", Naples 80131, Italy.
World J Gastroenterol. 2023 Jul 21;29(27):4222-4235. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v29.i27.4222.
Non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding (NVUGIB) is a common gastroenterological emergency associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Gastroenterologists and other involved clinicians are generally assisted by international guidelines in its management. However, NVUGIB due to peptic ulcer disease only is mainly addressed by current guidelines, with upper gastrointestinal endoscopy being recommended as the gold standard modality for both diagnosis and treatment. Conversely, the management of rare and extraordinary rare causes of NVUGIB is not covered by current guidelines. Given they are frequently life-threatening conditions, all the involved clinicians, that is emergency physicians, diagnostic and interventional radiologists, surgeons, in addition obviously to gastroenterologists, should be aware of and familiar with their management. Indeed, they typically require a prompt diagnosis and treatment, engaging a dedicated, patient-tailored, multidisciplinary team approach. The aim of our review was to extensively summarize the current evidence with regard to the management of rare and extraordinary rare causes of NVUGIB.
非静脉曲张性上消化道出血（NVUGIB）是一种常见的胃肠急症，与较高的发病率和死亡率相关。胃肠病学家和其他相关临床医生通常在其管理中参考国际指南。然而，目前的指南主要针对消化性溃疡病引起的 NVUGIB，推荐上消化道内镜检查作为诊断和治疗的金标准模式。相反，NVUGIB 的罕见和极罕见病因的管理不在当前指南范围内。鉴于这些病因通常是危及生命的情况，所有相关临床医生，即急诊医生、诊断和介入放射科医生、外科医生，除了胃肠病学家之外，都应该了解并熟悉其管理。事实上，这些病因通常需要快速诊断和治疗，需要采用专门的、个体化的、多学科团队方法。我们的综述旨在广泛总结关于 NVUGIB 的罕见和极罕见病因管理的现有证据。
