Jaramillo Arturo P, Ibrahimli Sabina, Castells Javier, Jaramillo Luisa, Moncada Denisse, Revilla Huerta Jhoanny C
General Practice, California Institute of Behavioral Neurosciences & Psychology, Fairfield, USA.
Cardiology, Ivan Mikhailovich (IM) Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, RUS.
Cureus. 2023 Jul 4;15(7):e41356. doi: 10.7759/cureus.41356. eCollection 2023 Jul.
In this research, physical activity (PA) was shown to be inversely associated with the incidence of diabetes. This emphasizes the relevance of PA in diabetes prevention lifestyle intervention initiatives and encourages healthcare practitioners to advise high-risk patients on a healthy lifestyle combining PA for the reduction of weight in prediabetic, obese, and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients. The link between PA and diabetes was stronger in people with moderate or higher baseline PA, reflecting national recommendations that imply increasing activity levels may provide larger advantages for those who are comparatively less active. An intensive lifestyle intervention of eating healthier foods and increasing PA resulted in an effective decrease in weight and waist circumference after one year, which has high potential in the long term to prevent T2DM and different comorbidities such as obesity. Studies such as PRomotion Of Physical activity through structured Education with differing Levels of ongoing Support for those with prediabetes (PROPELS) demonstrate that the combination of PA interventions with telemedicine follow-ups results in ambulatory activity changes in the first year, but these changes do not last longer than four years. Acute PA practicing regularly will reduce postprandial glucose excursions. However, it is unknown what type of PA routine will benefit the most from reducing postprandial glucose levels. There are no discernible variations in the effects of different disciplines of training on glucose levels, mainly when the data are compared across time. The combination of a healthy diet and lifestyle with programs based on diabetes prevention results in comparable and clinically significant mean weight reduction with cardiometabolic advantages. Based on the reviewed and cited studies, PA in patients at high risk of T2DM and obese and non-obese patients with T2DM results in favorable outcomes in the first few months. There is a large gap in investigations of the effects of PA in these patients and the benefits of other lifestyle modifications in long-term-based studies. However, in this study, we emphasize the importance of lifestyle modifications, putting in perspective principally the PA that the majority of patients with comorbidities do not practice, especially those with obesity, prediabetes, and T2DM. Thus, it would be necessary to conduct long-interval studies such as randomized clinical trials, where a better outcome can be given about intervals based on daily exercise times and the type of exercise in conjunction with diets that will have the greatest benefit, focusing more on the subjects that our research mentioned.
在本研究中，身体活动（PA）与糖尿病发病率呈负相关。这凸显了PA在糖尿病预防生活方式干预举措中的相关性，并鼓励医疗从业者向高危患者建议一种健康的生活方式，将PA与减轻糖尿病前期、肥胖和2型糖尿病（T2DM）患者的体重相结合。PA与糖尿病之间的联系在基线PA为中等或更高水平的人群中更强，这反映了国家的建议，即增加活动水平可能对相对不太活跃的人带来更大益处。一项强化生活方式干预，即食用更健康的食物并增加PA，在一年后有效降低了体重和腰围，从长期来看，这对预防T2DM和肥胖等不同合并症具有很大潜力。诸如通过结构化教育促进身体活动并为糖尿病前期患者提供不同程度持续支持（PROPELS）等研究表明，PA干预与远程医疗随访相结合会在第一年导致动态活动变化，但这些变化持续时间不超过四年。定期进行急性PA会减少餐后血糖波动。然而，尚不清楚哪种PA常规对降低餐后血糖水平最有益。不同训练学科对血糖水平的影响没有明显差异，尤其是在跨时间比较数据时。健康饮食和生活方式与基于糖尿病预防的项目相结合，会带来相当且具有临床意义的平均体重减轻，并具有心脏代谢益处。基于所综述和引用的研究，PA在T2DM高危患者以及肥胖和非肥胖T2DM患者中，在最初几个月会产生良好效果。在这些患者中，关于PA效果的研究与基于长期研究的其他生活方式改变的益处之间存在很大差距。然而，在本研究中，我们强调生活方式改变的重要性，主要着眼于大多数合并症患者未践行的PA，尤其是肥胖、糖尿病前期和T2DM患者。因此，有必要进行诸如随机临床试验之类的长期研究，在这类研究中，可以基于每日锻炼时间、锻炼类型以及与之结合的具有最大益处的饮食，就时间间隔给出更好的结果，更多地关注我们研究中提到的受试者。
