Ainiti Dimitra-Fanouria, Lykeridou Aikaterini, Nanou Christina, Deltsidou Anna
General Clinic Euromedica Mitera Crete, Heraklion, Greece.
Department of Midwifery, University of West Attica, Athens, Greece.
Eur J Midwifery. 2023 Aug 4;7:19. doi: 10.18332/ejm/168727. eCollection 2023.
Cannabis and its derivatives are becoming increasingly popular in women's preferences during pregnancy in order to relieve nausea. The present study examines cannabis use during pregnancy and its effects on the fetus, newborn and later childhood.
All primary studies were searched in the databases: PubMed, Scopus, Medline during the period June 2019 to August 2020. The keywords used were 'pregnancy', 'pregnant women', 'cannabis', 'marijuana', 'fetus', 'newborn', 'childhood', and combined with 'AND' and 'OR' Boolean operators. Inclusion criteria were: pregnant users of cannabis as the study group and pregnant non-users of cannabis as the control group; the articles could be in English or in Greek. The exclusion criteria were: unpublished studies, reviews, presentations at conferences, and animal studies.
From the systematic review of the literature, the study included 13 primary research studies in which it was found that the children of mother-user faced: disorders in the sleep cycle, memory problems, hyperactivity, increased chances of low birth weight, prematurity with lower Apgar score in the 1st and 5th minutes and hospitalization in an NICU, DNA methylation at the position CpG.32, and modifications in the brain, especially in the amygdala. In addition, girls had more aggressive behavior at the age of 18 months, shorter breastfeeding period, and neonatal death.
The use of cannabis during the gestation period by the mother, aggravates the physical and mental development of the fetus, the newborn and the later childhood.
大麻及其衍生物在孕期女性中的受欢迎程度日益增加，用于缓解恶心。本研究调查了孕期使用大麻的情况及其对胎儿、新生儿和儿童后期的影响。
在2019年6月至2020年8月期间，在PubMed、Scopus、Medline数据库中检索所有的原始研究。使用的关键词为“怀孕”“孕妇”“大麻”“大麻制品”“胎儿”“新生儿”“儿童期”，并结合“AND”和“OR”布尔运算符。纳入标准为：以孕期使用大麻的女性为研究组，孕期不使用大麻的女性为对照组；文章可以是英文或希腊文。排除标准为：未发表的研究、综述、会议报告和动物研究。
通过对文献的系统综述，该研究纳入了13项原始研究，发现母亲使用大麻的孩子面临：睡眠周期紊乱、记忆问题、多动、低出生体重几率增加、早产，出生后第1分钟和第5分钟阿氏评分较低并入住新生儿重症监护病房、CpG.32位点的DNA甲基化以及大脑尤其是杏仁核的改变。此外，女孩在18个月大时攻击性行为更多、母乳喂养期更短以及新生儿死亡。
母亲在妊娠期使用大麻会加重胎儿、新生儿和儿童后期的身心发育。
