IEEE Trans Nanobioscience. 2024 Jan;23(1):157-166. doi: 10.1109/TNB.2023.3303345. Epub 2024 Jan 3.
This paper reports a sensor architecture for continuous monitoring of biomarkers directly in the blood, especially for ICU/CCU patients requiring critical care and rapid biomarker measurement. The sensor is based on a simple optical fiber that can be inserted through a catheter into the bloodstream, wherein gold nanoparticles are attached at its far distal end as a plasmonic material for highly sensitive opto-chemical sensing of target biomolecules (glucose in our application) via the excitation of surface plasmon polaritons. For specificity, the nanoparticles are functionalized with a specific receptor enzyme that enables the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR)-based targeted bio-sensing. Further, a micro dialysis probe is introduced in the proposed architecture, which facilitates continuous monitoring for an extended period without fouling the sensor surface with cells and blood debris present in whole blood, leading to prolonged enhanced sensitivity and limit of detection, relative to existing state-of-the-art continuous monitoring devices that can conduct direct measurements in blood. To establish this proof-of-concept, we tested the sensor device to monitor glucose in-vivo involving an animal model, where continuous monitoring was done directly in the circulation of living rats. The sensor's sensitivity to glucose was found to be 0.0354 a.u./mg.dl-1 with a detection limit of 50.89 mg/dl.
本文报道了一种用于直接在血液中连续监测生物标志物的传感器架构，尤其适用于需要重症监护和快速生物标志物测量的 ICU/CCU 患者。该传感器基于一根简单的光纤，可通过导管插入血流中，其远端末端附有金纳米粒子作为等离子体材料，通过激发表面等离激元来实现对目标生物分子（本应用中为葡萄糖）的高灵敏度光化学传感。为了提高特异性，纳米粒子用特定的受体酶进行功能化，从而实现基于局部表面等离子体共振（LSPR）的靶向生物传感。此外，在所提出的架构中引入了微透析探头，可在不被全血中存在的细胞和血液碎片污染传感器表面的情况下，实现长时间的连续监测，从而与现有的可直接在血液中进行测量的连续监测设备相比，具有更长的增强敏感性和检测限。为了验证这一概念，我们使用动物模型测试了该传感器设备来监测体内的葡萄糖，直接在活老鼠的循环中进行了连续监测。该传感器对葡萄糖的灵敏度为 0.0354 a.u./mg.dl-1，检测限为 50.89 mg/dl。
