儿童和青少年注意缺陷多动障碍的友谊：系统评价。
The friendships of children and youth with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: A systematic review.
机构信息
School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Curtin School of Allied Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
出版信息
PLoS One. 2023 Aug 7;18(8):e0289539. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0289539. eCollection 2023.
BACKGROUND
Children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) experience substantial difficulty maintaining meaningful friendships, which has implications for social functioning and mental health. No systematic review has investigated their friendship difficulties.
OBJECTIVES
To systematically review and methodologically appraise the quality of existing studies reporting on friendships of children with ADHD. To compare their friendships to typically-developing children, and examine associations between friendship and children's social-emotional wellbeing and mental health.
METHOD
Six databases were searched. The methodological quality of studies was assessed using the QualSyst appraisal tool and the Appraisal tool for Cross-Sectional Studies. Aspects of friendships measured were charted, along with comparisons between children with ADHD and typically-developing children and the associations between friendships and social-emotional wellbeing and mental health.
RESULTS
Twenty-three cross-sectional studies and one longitudinal follow-up study were included. Studies included 1509 participants with ADHD, with 1197 typically-developing participants used as a companion in 19 of the 24 studies. Friendship quantity was the most investigated aspect of friendship. Children and youth with ADHD had significantly fewer friends, lower quality friendships and poorer friendship interactions. There were mixed findings from studies investigating the role or impact of friendship on social-emotional wellbeing and mental health. Twenty-two had strong methodological quality.
CONCLUSION
Limited longitudinal studies, small sample sizes and variability in measurement restrict the interpretations of friendship over time and the causal impact of friendship on social and emotional outcomes. Further research should investigate the role and impact of friendships on the social-emotional wellbeing of children and youth with ADHD.
背景
患有注意缺陷多动障碍（ADHD）的儿童在维持有意义的友谊方面存在很大困难，这对社交功能和心理健康都有影响。目前还没有系统地研究过他们的交友困难。
目的
系统地回顾和评估现有研究报告中关于 ADHD 儿童友谊的质量。将他们的友谊与正常发育的儿童进行比较，并研究友谊与儿童社交情感健康和心理健康之间的关系。
方法
检索了六个数据库。使用 QualSyst 评估工具和横断面研究评估工具评估了研究的方法学质量。绘制了友谊的各个方面，并比较了 ADHD 儿童和正常发育儿童之间的友谊，以及友谊与社交情感健康和心理健康之间的关系。
结果
共纳入 23 项横断面研究和 1 项纵向随访研究。这些研究包括 1509 名 ADHD 参与者，其中 19 项研究中使用了 1197 名正常发育的参与者作为对照。友谊数量是研究友谊最常涉及的方面。ADHD 儿童和青少年的朋友明显较少，友谊质量较低，友谊互动较差。有研究调查了友谊对社交情感健康和心理健康的作用或影响，但结果不一。22 项研究具有较强的方法学质量。
结论
有限的纵向研究、样本量小以及测量的变异性限制了对友谊随时间的发展以及友谊对社交和情感结果的因果影响的解释。进一步的研究应该调查友谊对患有 ADHD 的儿童和青少年的社交情感健康的作用和影响。
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