Department of Life and Health Sciences, School of Sciences and Engineering, University of Nicosia, Nicosia, Cyprus.
Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece.
Nutr Rev. 2024 Jun 10;82(7):913-928. doi: 10.1093/nutrit/nuad095.
Over the past few decades, traditional foods have been displaced by ultra-processed foods (UPFs), with the latter being associated with health problems.
This scoping systematic review aimed to identify the relationship between UPF intake and overweight/obesity as well as other cardiometabolic risk factors during childhood and adolescence.
The guidance for this protocol is the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic review and Meta-Analysis Protocols (PRISMA-P). A systematic search was undertaken on PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane Library electronic databases based on prespecified inclusion and exclusion criteria up to 6 February 2022.
A total of 17 observational studies-9 cross-sectional, 7 cohort-longitudinal, and 1 study reporting both cross-sectional and longitudinal outcomes-among children and adolescents aged ≤18 years were eligible for inclusion in this review. Fourteen studies evaluated the consumption of UPFs in association with overweight/obesity and 9 studies examined the association of UPF consumption and cardiometabolic-related risk factors.
Most studies (14/17) showed that an increase in UPFs was associated with a higher prevalence of overweight/obesity and cardiometabolic comorbidities among children and adolescents, whereas 4 of 17 studies (3 cross-sectional and 1 cohort) found no association. Most cohort and cross-sectional studies showed good quality according to the National Institutes of Health and Newcastle-Ottawa quality assessment, respectively.
The positive association found between UPFs and overweight/obesity and cardiometabolic comorbidities among children and adolescents raises concerns for future health. Further investigation is recommended to explore the role of specific types of UPFs on cardiometabolic conditions and to identify the amount of daily intake that increase risk in order to shape appropriate public health policies.
PROSPERO registration no. CRD42022316432.
在过去几十年中，传统食品已被超加工食品（UPF）取代，而后者与健康问题有关。
本系统评价旨在确定儿童和青少年时期 UPF 摄入与超重/肥胖以及其他心血管代谢危险因素之间的关系。
本研究方案的指导是系统评价和荟萃分析方案的首选报告项目（PRISMA-P）。根据预设的纳入和排除标准，对 PubMed、Scopus 和 Cochrane Library 电子数据库进行了系统检索，检索时间截至 2022 年 2 月 6 日。
共有 17 项观察性研究（9 项横断面研究、7 项队列纵向研究和 1 项同时报告横断面和纵向结果的研究）符合纳入本综述的标准，研究对象为年龄≤18 岁的儿童和青少年。14 项研究评估了 UPF 消费与超重/肥胖的关系，9 项研究检验了 UPF 消费与心血管代谢相关危险因素的关系。
大多数研究（14/17）表明，UPF 摄入量增加与儿童和青少年超重/肥胖和心血管代谢合并症的患病率升高有关，而 17 项研究中有 4 项（3 项横断面研究和 1 项队列研究）未发现相关性。根据美国国立卫生研究院和纽卡斯尔-渥太华质量评估标准，大多数队列和横断面研究的质量均较好。
儿童和青少年时期 UPF 与超重/肥胖和心血管代谢合并症之间的正相关性引起了对未来健康的关注。建议进一步研究以探索特定类型的 UPF 对心血管代谢状况的作用，并确定增加风险的每日摄入量，以便制定适当的公共卫生政策。
PROSPERO 注册号 CRD42022316432。
