Casas Rosa, Ruiz-León Ana María, Argente Jesús, Alasalvar Cesarettin, Bajoub Aadil, Bertomeu Isabel, Caroli Margherita, Castro-Barquero Sara, Crispi Fatima, Delarue Jacques, Fernández-Jiménez Rodrigo, Fuster Valentin, Fontecha Javier, Gómez-Fernández Paz, González-Juste Jordi, Kanaka-Gantenbein Christina, Kostopoulou Eirini, Lamuela-Raventós Rosa M, Manios Yannis, Marcos Ascensión, Moreno Luis A, de Pascual-Teresa Sonia, Raidó-Quintana Blanca, Rivera-Ferre Marta G, Santos-Beneit Gloria, Shai Iris, Spiliotis Bessie E, Trichopoulou Antonia, Vania Andrea, Varela-Moreiras Gregorio, Vila-Marti Anna, Willett Walter, Ros Emilio, Estruch Ramon
Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain; Department of Internal Medicine, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Institut de Recerca en Nutrició i Seguretat Alimentaria (INSA-UB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Fundación Dieta Mediterránea, Barcelona, Spain.
Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain; Institut de Recerca en Nutrició i Seguretat Alimentaria (INSA-UB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Fundación Dieta Mediterránea, Barcelona, Spain.
Adv Nutr. 2025 Mar;16(3):100381. doi: 10.1016/j.advnut.2025.100381. Epub 2025 Jan 21.
Cardiovascular disease risk factors begin in childhood and track into adulthood, increasing the possibility of impaired cardiometabolic health. Adopting healthy dietary patterns can help curb childhood obesity, a worrisome epidemic problem at present. In the era of personalized nutrition, dietary recommendations should be adapted to different stages of life, including children (older than 3 y) and adolescents. In this study, we present an updated version of the Mediterranean Lifestyle Pyramid addressed to children and adolescents, which may be used as a prevention tool by health professionals, teachers, and stakeholders. This pyramid arises from a consensus position between participants in an International Congress on Mediterranean diet held in Barcelona. During this meeting, after reviewing all literature published, a consensus was reached on the new Mediterranean Lifestyle Pyramid for kids including details such as labels of the pyramid, position of foods, servings, type of foods, and healthy lifestyle habits. All components of the pyramid are supported by the most recent scientifically sound research and are based upon top-level evidence in nutritional sciences. Fruit, vegetables, legumes, nuts, wholegrains, and extra-virgin olive oil continue to be at the basis of the pyramid, but the importance of an adequate intake of fish, dairy products, and meat during these particular ages, when body and brain development occurs, is also considered. The promotion of physical activity, adequate sleep, and good emotional health are emphasized, as well as the consumption of seasonal and local products, and overall sustainability. Improving dietary habits in early stages of life should increase health in adulthood and reduce future incidence of noncommunicable chronic diseases. The Mediterranean diet and its graphic representation in the Lifestyle Pyramid should be a health-fostering tool not only for adults and children but also for the entire planet because it promotes the diversity of species, respect for the earth, and the local economy.
心血管疾病风险因素始于儿童期并持续至成年期，增加了心脏代谢健康受损的可能性。采用健康的饮食模式有助于遏制儿童肥胖，这是目前一个令人担忧的流行问题。在个性化营养时代，饮食建议应适应生命的不同阶段，包括儿童（3岁以上）和青少年。在本研究中，我们展示了一个面向儿童和青少年的地中海生活方式金字塔的更新版本，健康专业人员、教师和利益相关者可将其用作预防工具。这个金字塔源自于在巴塞罗那举行的一次地中海饮食国际大会参与者之间的共识立场。在这次会议上，在回顾了所有已发表的文献后，就新的儿童地中海生活方式金字塔达成了共识，包括金字塔的标签、食物位置、份量、食物类型和健康生活习惯等细节。金字塔的所有组成部分都得到了最新科学合理研究的支持，并基于营养科学的顶级证据。水果、蔬菜、豆类、坚果、全谷物和特级初榨橄榄油仍然是金字塔的基础，但在身体和大脑发育的这些特定年龄段，充分摄入鱼类、乳制品和肉类的重要性也得到了考虑。强调了促进身体活动、充足睡眠和良好的情绪健康，以及食用季节性和本地产品以及整体可持续性。在生命早期改善饮食习惯应能增进成年期健康并降低未来非传染性慢性病的发病率。地中海饮食及其在生活方式金字塔中的图形表示不仅应该是促进成年人和儿童健康的工具，而且应该是促进整个地球健康的工具，因为它促进了物种多样性、对地球的尊重和地方经济。
