State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, People's Republic of China.
Bloomage Biotechnology Corp., Ltd., Jinan, Shandong 250010, People's Republic of China.
J Agric Food Chem. 2023 Aug 23;71(33):12390-12402. doi: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c02895. Epub 2023 Aug 8.
Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) have received increasing attention because of their special effects on infant health and commercial value as the new generation of core components in infant formula. Currently, large-scale production of HMOs is generally based on microbial synthesis using metabolically engineered cell factories. Introduction of the specific glycosyltransferases is essential for the construction of HMO-producing engineered strains in which the HMO-producing glycosyltransferases are generally sugar nucleotide-dependent. Four types of glycosyltransferases have been used for typical glycosylation reactions to synthesize HMOs. Soluble expression, substrate specificity, and regioselectivity are common concerns of these glycosyltransferases in practical applications. Screening of specific glycosyltransferases is an important research topic to solve these problems. Molecular modification has also been performed to enhance the catalytic activity of various HMO-producing glycosyltransferases and to improve the substrate specificity and regioselectivity. In this article, various sugar nucleotide-dependent glycosyltransferases for HMO synthesis were overviewed, common concerns of these glycosyltransferases were described, and the future perspectives of glycosyltransferase-related studies were provided.
人乳寡糖（HMOs）因其对婴儿健康的特殊作用和作为婴儿配方奶粉新一代核心成分的商业价值而受到越来越多的关注。目前，HMOs 的大规模生产通常基于使用代谢工程细胞工厂的微生物合成。引入特定的糖基转移酶对于构建 HMO 生产工程菌株至关重要，其中 HMO 生产糖基转移酶通常依赖于糖核苷酸。四种类型的糖基转移酶已用于典型的糖基化反应以合成 HMOs。在实际应用中，可溶性表达、底物特异性和区域选择性是这些糖基转移酶的共同关注点。筛选特定的糖基转移酶是解决这些问题的重要研究课题。分子修饰也已被用于提高各种 HMO 生产糖基转移酶的催化活性，并提高底物特异性和区域选择性。本文综述了用于 HMO 合成的各种依赖于核苷酸的糖基转移酶，描述了这些糖基转移酶的常见关注点，并提供了糖基转移酶相关研究的未来展望。
