Ogneva Anastasiia, Pérez-Pereira Miguel
Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
Front Psychol. 2023 Jul 24;14:1177161. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1177161. eCollection 2023.
Previous studies showed that very preterm children have a delay in communicative (gestures) and linguistic development as compared to full-term children. Earlier use of gestures, as well as of word comprehension and production, have been found to be predictive of subsequent word production and/or language delay in both very preterm and full-term children. Not many studies on communicative antecedents of language, however, have been carried out with low-risk preterm children in comparison to full-term children.
In the present study a sample ( = 142) of low-risk preterm children has been followed using the Galician version of the Communicative Development Inventories (CDI) at the ages of 10, 22, and 30 months of age and their results were compared to the results from a sample ( = 49) of full-term children at the same ages. The determinants of language measures (vocabulary and grammar) at 30 months of age have been studied through linear regression analyses.
ANOVA results indicate that there were no significant differences between the groups in any of the measures obtained with the CDI at any time, nor were there any differences in lexical or grammatical developmental trajectories between both groups (repeated measures ANOVA). Linear regression analyses showed that the predictors of language at 30 months of age are somewhat different for the full-term than for the preterm group.
While the use of first communicative gestures at 10 months is a predictor of word production at 30 months of age for the full-term group, participation in games and routines seems to play a significant predictive role for preterm children. Word production at 22 months is the factor with a major incidence on word production at the age of 30 months for both groups. Previous specific measures of grammatical development have a clear determinant role in grammar measures at 30 months of age for the full-term children, while in the case of preterm children previous lexical development seems to be more relevant.
先前的研究表明，与足月儿相比，极早产儿在交流（手势）和语言发展方面存在延迟。研究发现，极早产儿和足月儿早期使用手势以及词汇理解和表达能力，可预测其随后的词汇表达和/或语言延迟。然而，与足月儿相比，针对低风险早产儿语言交流前驱因素的研究并不多。
在本研究中，对142名低风险早产儿样本，分别在其10、22和30月龄时使用加利西亚语版的交流发展量表（CDI）进行跟踪，并将结果与49名同龄足月儿样本的结果进行比较。通过线性回归分析研究了30月龄时语言测量指标（词汇和语法）的决定因素。
方差分析结果表明，两组在任何时间通过CDI获得的任何测量指标上均无显著差异，两组在词汇或语法发展轨迹上也无差异（重复测量方差分析）。线性回归分析表明，30月龄时语言的预测因素在足月儿组和早产儿组中有所不同。
虽然10月龄时首次使用交流手势是足月儿组30月龄时词汇表达的预测指标，但参与游戏和日常活动似乎对早产儿起着重要的预测作用。22月龄时的词汇表达是两组30月龄时词汇表达的主要影响因素。先前特定的语法发展测量指标对足月儿30月龄时的语法测量有明确的决定作用，而对早产儿而言，先前的词汇发展似乎更具相关性。
