Bay Vahid, Shirzadi Mohamad Reza, Jafari Sirizi Mehdi, Asl Irvan Masoudi
Department of Healthcare Services Management, School of Health Management & Information Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Golestan, Iran.
Heliyon. 2023 Jul 27;9(8):e18637. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18637. eCollection 2023 Aug.
Animal bite is considered a serious social, economic, and health risk for societies with poor animal bites and population management. The objective of this study was to propose a model for animal bites management in Golestan Province.
The present study is a multi-method study conducted quantitatively and qualitatively. First, as a cross-sectional study, the animal bites in Golestan Province and the country were calculated and their trend was predicted. Secondly, in the qualitative study (content analysis), the challenges, barriers, and methods of animal bite control were extracted through conducting semi-structured interviews and focused group discussion meetings. Finally, the model of animal bite management was developed and it was confirmed by Round Delphi. The data were analyzed via content analysis using MAXQDA18. The participants in this study consisted of university professors, managers, and executive officers involved in animal bite and rabies control plans.
This study revealed that the animal bite in Golestan Province had an upward trend, as in the country, and dogs were the main cause of bites (90%). The obstacles and challenges of current animal bites control program in eight areas were expressed by the participants. Also, the animal bite management model, which was obtained from the data of different stages of this study, included nine fields and 41 sub-fields. The fields of the animal bite management model included: providing a cultural package, resolving barriers to animal population control plans, wide coverage of dog vaccination, passing and enacting preventive laws, attracting financial support, constructing standard equipment, providing proper medical services, enhancing inter-departmental coordination, and controlling rabies in the wild. This model was confirmed in a Delphi round.
Our study indicated that Golestan Province with an average bite higher than twice the country's average is one of the leading provinces in this regard. Thus, revising the animal bite and animal population control plans in this province is necessary. The model designed in this study can be used as a practical guide by policy makers and officials to manage animal bite and related consequences in this province.
对于动物咬伤和种群管理不善的社会而言，动物咬伤被视为一种严重的社会、经济和健康风险。本研究的目的是提出一种在戈勒斯坦省进行动物咬伤管理的模型。
本研究是一项采用定量和定性方法的多方法研究。首先，作为一项横断面研究，计算了戈勒斯坦省和该国的动物咬伤情况并预测了其趋势。其次，在定性研究（内容分析）中，通过进行半结构化访谈和焦点小组讨论会议，提取了动物咬伤控制的挑战、障碍和方法。最后，开发了动物咬伤管理模型，并通过德尔菲法进行了验证。使用MAXQDA18通过内容分析对数据进行了分析。本研究的参与者包括参与动物咬伤和狂犬病控制计划的大学教授、管理人员和执行官员。
本研究表明，戈勒斯坦省的动物咬伤情况与该国一样呈上升趋势，狗是咬伤的主要原因（90%）。参与者指出了当前动物咬伤控制计划在八个方面的障碍和挑战。此外，从本研究不同阶段的数据中获得的动物咬伤管理模型包括九个领域和41个子领域。动物咬伤管理模型的领域包括：提供文化包、解决动物种群控制计划的障碍、广泛开展犬类疫苗接种、通过和颁布预防法律、吸引财政支持、建设标准设备、提供适当的医疗服务、加强部门间协调以及控制野生动物狂犬病。该模型在一轮德尔菲法中得到了验证。
我们的研究表明，戈勒斯坦省的平均咬伤率高于该国平均水平的两倍，是这方面的主要省份之一。因此，有必要修订该省的动物咬伤和动物种群控制计划。本研究设计的模型可作为政策制定者和官员管理该省动物咬伤及相关后果的实用指南。
