Department of Infectious, Tropical Diseases & Microbiology (DITM), IRCCS Sacro Cuore Don Calabria Hospital, Negrar di Valpolicella, Verona, Italy.
III Infectious Diseases Unit, ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Milano, Italy.
Eur J Intern Med. 2021 Jun;88:15-20. doi: 10.1016/j.ejim.2021.04.010. Epub 2021 Apr 29.
Rabies is a vaccine preventable zoonotic disease with a significant mortality burden worldwide. Several years of vaccination campaigns in wildlife animals have now achieved the control of rabies in Western Europe through a vaccination belt in front of endemic Eastern European countries. Nevertheless, rabies could be imported both by travellers from areas without an active public control of the disease or by animals coming from areas where the virus circulates in wildlife fauna. The knowledge of the current world epidemiology combined with a high index of clinical suspicion are needed to reach a diagnosis of rabies, especially in case of atypical presentation or without a history of animal exposure. The pre-travel counselling to people visiting highly endemic areas is essential to give information on how to reduce exposure to potential sources of infection and to select those subjects who could benefit from pre-travel vaccination. Rabies is almost invariably fatal, but the prompt administration of a vaccine course combined with anti-rabies immunoglobulins significantly reduces the probability to develop life-threatening consequences. In this review, we give a brief epidemiological and clinical update about rabies in Europe.
狂犬病是一种具有重大死亡率负担的疫苗可预防的动物传染病。通过在流行东欧国家前面建立一个免疫带，野生动物中的多年疫苗接种运动现在已经在西欧实现了狂犬病的控制。然而，狂犬病可能会通过来自没有疾病主动公共控制的地区的旅行者或来自病毒在野生动物中传播的地区的动物传入。了解当前的世界流行病学情况，并结合高度的临床怀疑指数，对于做出狂犬病的诊断是必要的，特别是在表现不典型或没有动物接触史的情况下。对于前往高度流行地区的旅行者进行旅行前咨询非常重要，可以提供有关如何减少接触潜在感染源的信息，并选择那些可能受益于旅行前接种疫苗的人。狂犬病几乎总是致命的，但及时给予疫苗接种和狂犬病免疫球蛋白治疗可显著降低发生危及生命后果的概率。在这篇综述中，我们提供了欧洲狂犬病的简要流行病学和临床更新。
