Xu Xinyu, Gao Lei, Yuan Shuai
State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, School of chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China.
Dalton Trans. 2023 Oct 31;52(42):15233-15252. doi: 10.1039/d3dt01668d.
Multi-component metal-organic frameworks (MC-MOFs) are crystalline porous materials containing multiple organic ligands or mixed metals, which manifest new properties beyond the linear combination of the single component. However, the traditional one-pot synthesis method for MOFs is not always applicable for synthesizing MC-MOFs due to the competitive coordination of multiple ligands and metals. Therefore, the stepwise construction of MC-MOFs has been explored, which enables more precise control of the heterogeneity within the ordered MC-MOFs. This review provides a summary of the synthesis strategies, namely, ligand exchange, coordinative modification, covalent modification, ligand metalation, cluster metalation, and use of mixed-metal precursors, for the stepwise construction of MC-MOFs. Furthermore, we discuss the applications of MC-MOFs with ordered arrangements of multiple functionalities, focusing on gas adsorption and separation, water remediation, heterogeneous catalysis, luminescence, and chemical sensing.
多组分金属有机框架材料（MC-MOFs）是包含多种有机配体或混合金属的晶体多孔材料，其展现出超越单一组分线性组合的新特性。然而，由于多种配体和金属的竞争配位，传统的MOFs一锅合成法并不总是适用于MC-MOFs的合成。因此，人们探索了MC-MOFs的逐步构建方法，这能够更精确地控制有序MC-MOFs内部的不均匀性。本综述总结了用于MC-MOFs逐步构建的合成策略，即配体交换、配位修饰、共价修饰、配体金属化、簇金属化以及使用混合金属前驱体。此外，我们讨论了具有多种功能有序排列的MC-MOFs的应用，重点关注气体吸附与分离、水修复、多相催化、发光和化学传感。
