Physiology, Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland.
Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2023 Nov;33(11):2340-2350. doi: 10.1111/sms.14464. Epub 2023 Aug 9.
We investigated the effects of a combined dietary and PA intervention on cognition in children and whether changes in diet quality, PA, sedentary behavior (SB), and sedentary time (ST) are associated with changes in cognition.
We conducted a 2-year nonrandomized controlled trial in 504 children aged 6-9 years at baseline. The children were allocated to a combined dietary and PA intervention group (n = 237) or a control group (n = 160) without blinding.
The children and their parents allocated to the intervention group had six dietary counseling sessions of 30-45 min and six PA counseling sessions of 30-45 min during the 2-year intervention period. The children were also encouraged to participate in after-school exercise clubs. Cognition was assessed by the Raven's Colored Progressive Matrices. We assessed dietary factors by 4 days food records and computed the Baltic Sea Diet Score (BSDS) as a measure of diet quality. PA and ST were assessed by a combined heart rate and body movement monitor, types of PA and SB by a questionnaire.
The intervention had no effect on cognition. Increased BSDS and consumption of low-fat milk and decreased consumption of red meat and sausages were associated with improved cognition over 2 years. Increased organized sports, ST, and reading were positively, while unsupervised PA, computer use, and writing were negatively associated with cognition.
Combined dietary and PA intervention had no effect on cognition. Improved diet quality and increased organized sports and reading were associated with improved cognition.
我们研究了饮食和 PA 联合干预对儿童认知的影响，以及饮食质量、PA、久坐行为（SB）和久坐时间（ST）的变化是否与认知变化相关。
我们进行了一项为期 2 年的非随机对照试验，纳入了 504 名基线时年龄为 6-9 岁的儿童。将这些儿童分为饮食和 PA 联合干预组（n=237）和对照组（n=160），但未进行盲法。
干预组的儿童及其家长接受了 6 次 30-45 分钟的饮食咨询和 6 次 30-45 分钟的 PA 咨询，干预时间为 2 年。还鼓励儿童参加课外运动俱乐部。认知通过瑞文彩色渐进矩阵进行评估。通过 4 天的食物记录评估饮食因素，并计算波罗的海饮食评分（BSDS）作为饮食质量的衡量标准。通过心率和身体运动监测器评估 PA 和 ST，通过问卷评估 PA 和 SB 的类型。
干预对认知没有影响。BSDS 增加、低脂牛奶摄入增加和红肉及香肠摄入减少与 2 年内认知能力的提高有关。组织良好的运动增加、ST 增加和阅读增加与认知能力呈正相关，而无人监督的 PA、计算机使用和书写与认知能力呈负相关。
饮食和 PA 联合干预对认知没有影响。饮食质量的改善以及组织良好的运动和阅读的增加与认知能力的提高有关。
