Montero Virginia, Chinchilla Yarenis, Gómez Luis, Flores Adrián, Medaglia Alejandro, Guillén Rossy, Montero Ernesto
Biotechnology Research Center. School of Biology, Costa Rica Institute of Technology, Cartago, 30101, Cartago, Costa Rica; Institutional Microscopy Laboratory. Costa Rica Institute of Technology, Cartago, 30101, Cartago, Costa Rica.
CEQIATEC Research Center. School of Chemistry, Costa Rica Institute of Technology, Cartago, 30101, Cartago, Costa Rica.
Environ Res. 2023 Nov 15;237(Pt 1):116843. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.116843. Epub 2023 Aug 8.
A special characteristic of MP (microplastics) in the ocean is they may act as carriers of additives specific to the plastic materials used in their manufacture, such as plasticizers, among which Bisphenol-A (BPA), bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), dybuthyl phthalate (DBP). Both MP as the plasticizers were searched in composite samples of mangrove cockle (Anadara tuberculosa), Stolzmann's weakfish (Cynoscion stolzmanni) and arched swimming crab (Callinectes arcuatus). Extraction of MP was done through physical-chemical techniques and identification was carried out employing the techniques of light microscopy, energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Raman spectroscopy; the sizes of MP obtained were between 0.5 μm and 106 μm, the following average results being obtained: for Arched swimming crab 4.0 ± 1.0 MP/g; mangrove cockle 3.3 ± 2.9 MP/g; and for Stolzmann's weakfish, the average was 2.4 ± 1.3 MP/g; the most observed shapes were fibers and irregular segments; the most identified MP was polyethylene terephthalate (PET). Regarding extraction and quantification of plasticizers, the extraction stage was carried out using QuEChERS tubes; and the identification and quantification with gas chromatography coupled to a mass spectrometer (GC-MS). Regarding the plasticizing substances, DEHP was found in detectable levels in all the samples; BPA was found in 84% of the composite samples analyzed; DBP was found in 50% of them, of the analyzed samples 34% were positive for the 3 analytes. The dietary exposure of people to plasticizers was calculated and for BPA the exposure obtained was compared with respect to the TDI (tolerable intake dose) for pregnant women and the new TDI proposed by EFSA in 2021 according to the estrogenic effect of this substance in the fetus. The objective of the work was to determine if a relationship could be established between both PM and plasticizers, which gave a positive relationship.
海洋中微塑料（MP）的一个特殊特征是，它们可能充当其制造过程中所用塑料材料特定添加剂的载体，如增塑剂，其中包括双酚A（BPA）、邻苯二甲酸二（2-乙基己基）酯（DEHP）、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯（DBP）。在红树林蚶（Anadara tuberculosa）、斯托兹曼氏弱鱼（Cynoscion stolzmanni）和弓腿游泳蟹（Callinectes arcuatus）的复合样本中对微塑料及其增塑剂进行了搜索。微塑料的提取通过物理化学技术完成，鉴定采用光学显微镜、能量色散光谱仪（EDS）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和拉曼光谱技术；获得的微塑料尺寸在0.5微米至106微米之间，得到以下平均结果：弓腿游泳蟹为4.0±1.0个微塑料/克；红树林蚶为3.3±2.9个微塑料/克；斯托兹曼氏弱鱼的平均值为2.4±1.3个微塑料/克；最常见的形状是纤维和不规则片段；最常鉴定出的微塑料是聚对苯二甲酸乙二酯（PET）。关于增塑剂的提取和定量，提取阶段使用QuEChERS管进行；鉴定和定量采用气相色谱-质谱联用仪（GC-MS）。关于增塑物质，在所有样本中均检测到可检测水平的DEHP；在84%的分析复合样本中发现了BPA；在50%的样本中发现了DBP，在分析的样本中，34%的样本对这三种分析物呈阳性。计算了人群对增塑剂的膳食暴露量，并根据该物质对胎儿的雌激素效应，将获得的BPA暴露量与孕妇的每日耐受摄入量（TDI）以及欧洲食品安全局（EFSA）2021年提出的新TDI进行了比较。这项工作的目的是确定微塑料和增塑剂之间是否能建立联系，结果显示存在正相关关系。
