Jansen Marcel A K, Andrady Anthony L, Bornman Janet F, Aucamp Pieter J, Bais Alkiviadis F, Banaszak Anastazia T, Barnes Paul W, Bernhard Germar H, Bruckman Laura S, Busquets Rosa, Häder Donat-P, Hanson Mark L, Heikkilä Anu M, Hylander Samuel, Lucas Robyn M, Mackenzie Roy, Madronich Sasha, Neale Patrick J, Neale Rachel E, Olsen Catherine M, Ossola Rachele, Pandey Krishna K, Petropavlovskikh Irina, Revell Laura E, Robinson Sharon A, Robson T Matthew, Rose Kevin C, Solomon Keith R, Andersen Mads P Sulbæk, Sulzberger Barbara, Wallington Timothy J, Wang Qing-Wei, Wängberg Sten-Åke, White Christopher C, Young Antony R, Zepp Richard G, Zhu Liping
School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University College, Cork, Ireland.
Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.
Photochem Photobiol Sci. 2024 Apr;23(4):629-650. doi: 10.1007/s43630-024-00552-3. Epub 2024 Mar 21.
This Assessment Update by the Environmental Effects Assessment Panel (EEAP) of the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) considers the interactive effects of solar UV radiation, global warming, and other weathering factors on plastics. The Assessment illustrates the significance of solar UV radiation in decreasing the durability of plastic materials, degradation of plastic debris, formation of micro- and nanoplastic particles and accompanying leaching of potential toxic compounds. Micro- and nanoplastics have been found in all ecosystems, the atmosphere, and in humans. While the potential biological risks are not yet well-established, the widespread and increasing occurrence of plastic pollution is reason for continuing research and monitoring. Plastic debris persists after its intended life in soils, water bodies and the atmosphere as well as in living organisms. To counteract accumulation of plastics in the environment, the lifetime of novel plastics or plastic alternatives should better match the functional life of products, with eventual breakdown releasing harmless substances to the environment.
联合国环境规划署（UNEP）环境影响评估小组（EEAP）的这份评估更新报告，探讨了太阳紫外线辐射、全球变暖及其他风化因素对塑料的交互影响。该评估阐明了太阳紫外线辐射在降低塑料材料耐久性、塑料碎片降解、微塑料和纳米塑料颗粒形成以及潜在有毒化合物伴随浸出方面的重要性。在所有生态系统、大气以及人类体内均已发现微塑料和纳米塑料。尽管潜在的生物风险尚未完全明确，但塑料污染的广泛且日益增多的现象，仍是持续开展研究和监测的原因。塑料碎片在其预期使用寿命结束后，仍会在土壤、水体、大气以及生物体内持续存在。为应对塑料在环境中的积累问题，新型塑料或塑料替代品的使用寿命应更好地与产品的功能寿命相匹配，最终分解时向环境释放无害物质。
