Wong Hoilun, Li Yuyin, Wang Jun, Tang Tsz Wing, Cai Yuting, Xu Mengyang, Li Hongliang, Kim Tae-Hyung, Luo Zhengtang
Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering and William Mong Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong.
Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, Anhui, China.
Nano Converg. 2023 Aug 10;10(1):37. doi: 10.1186/s40580-023-00384-4.
With a high specific capacity and low electrochemical potentials, metal anode batteries that use lithium, sodium and zinc metal anodes, have gained great research interest in recent years, as a potential candidate for high-energy-density storage systems. However, the uncontainable dendrite growth during the repeated charging process, deteriorates the battery performance, reduces the battery life and more importantly, raises safety concerns. With their unique properties, two-dimensional (2D) materials, can be used to modify various components in metal batteries, eventually mitigating the dendrite growth, enhancing the cycling stability and rate capability, thus leading to safe and robust metal anodes. In this paper, we review the recent advances of 2D materials and summarize current research progress of using 2D materials in the applications of (i) anode design, (ii) separator engineering, and (iii) electrolyte modifications by guiding metal ion nucleation, increasing ion conductivity, homogenizing the electric field and ion flux, and enhancing the mechanical strength for safe metal anodes. The 2D material modifications provide the ultimate solution for obtaining dendrite-free metal anodes, realizes the high energy storage application, and indicates the importance of 2D materials development. Finally, in-depth understandings of subsequent metal growth are lacking due to research limitations, while more advanced characterizations are welcome for investigating the metal deposition mechanism. The more facile and simplified preparation of 2D materials possess great prospects in high energy density metal anode batteries, and thus fulfils the development of EVs.
具有高比容量和低电化学电位的金属阳极电池，使用锂、钠和锌金属阳极，近年来作为高能量密度存储系统的潜在候选者引起了极大的研究兴趣。然而，在重复充电过程中不可控的枝晶生长会降低电池性能、缩短电池寿命，更重要的是，会引发安全问题。二维（2D）材料凭借其独特的性能，可用于修饰金属电池中的各种组件，最终减轻枝晶生长，提高循环稳定性和倍率性能，从而得到安全且坚固的金属阳极。在本文中，我们综述了二维材料的最新进展，并总结了目前在（i）阳极设计、（ii）隔膜工程和（iii）电解质改性等应用中使用二维材料的研究进展，通过引导金属离子成核、提高离子电导率、使电场和离子通量均匀化以及增强安全金属阳极的机械强度来实现。二维材料改性为获得无枝晶金属阳极提供了最终解决方案，实现了高能量存储应用，并表明了二维材料开发的重要性。最后，由于研究限制，目前对后续金属生长缺乏深入了解，欢迎采用更先进的表征方法来研究金属沉积机制。二维材料更简便和简化的制备方法在高能量密度金属阳极电池中具有广阔前景，从而推动电动汽车的发展。
