Programmable scaffolds with aligned porous structures for cell cultured meat.

Porous scaffolds for cell cultured meat are currently limited in the food-grade material requirements, the cell adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation capacities, and the ignored appearance design. We proposed programmable scaffolds specially tailored for cell cultured meat. The scaffold with aligned porous structures was fabricated with the ice-templated directional freeze-drying of the food-grade collagen hydrogel. Due to the abundant tripeptide presence and well-aligned porous structures, the scaffold could not only provide sites for cell adhesion and proliferation, but also promote the oriented growth and differentiation of cells. The up-regulation of myogenic related genes, synthesis of myogenic related proteins and formation of matured myotubes furtherly proved the differentiation of cells on aligned scaffold. These characteristics would facilitate the traditional meat characteristics simulation of cell cultured meat in term of texture and microstructure. Meanwhile, patterned scaffolds were achievable as well with the help of mold-assisted ice templating, which would improve the people's interest, recognition, and acceptance of the tailored cell cultured meat. These characteristics indicate great application prospects of the proposed programmable scaffolds in cell cultured meat.