Department of Healthcare Management, Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
Center for Health Outcomes and Policy Research, School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
BMJ Open. 2023 Aug 10;13(8):e073879. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-073879.
Many countries in Europe are facing a shortage of nurses and seek effective recruitment and retention strategies. The nursing workforce is increasingly diverse in its educational background, ranging from 3-year vocational training (diploma) to bachelor and master educated nurses. This study analyses recruitment and retention strategies for academically educated nurses (minimum bachelor), including intention to leave, job satisfaction and work engagement compared with diploma nurses in innovative German hospitals; it explores recruitment and retention challenges and opportunities, and identifies lessons on recruitment and retention taking an international perspective.
The study will apply a convergent mixed-methods design, including qualitative and quantitative methods. The qualitative study will include semistructured interviews among hospital managers, nurses, students and stakeholders in Germany. In addition, expert interviews will be conducted internationally in countries with a higher proportion of bachelor/master nurses in hospitals. The quantitative, cross-sectional study will consist of a survey among professional nurses (bachelor/master, diploma nurses) in German hospitals. Study settings are hospitals with a higher-than-average proportion of bachelor nurses or relevant recruitment, work environment or retention strategies in place. Analyses will be conducted in several phases, first in parallel, then combined via triangulation: the parallel analysis technique will analyse the qualitative and quantitative data separately via content analyses (interviews) and descriptive, bivariate and multivariate analyses (survey). Subsequently, data sources will be collectively analysed via a triangulation matrix focusing on developing thematic exploratory clusters at three systemic levels: microlevel, mesolevel and macrolevel. The analyses will be relevant for generating lessons for clinical nursing, management and policy in Germany and internationally.
Ethics approval was obtained by the Charité Ethics Committee.Several dissemination channels will be used, including publications and presentations, for the scientific community, nursing management, clinical nurses and the wider public in Germany and internationally.
许多欧洲国家都面临着护士短缺的问题，因此正在寻求有效的招聘和保留策略。护士队伍的教育背景越来越多样化，从 3 年制职业培训（文凭）到学士和硕士学历的护士都有。本研究分析了为具有学术背景的护士（最低学士）制定的招聘和保留策略，包括与德国创新型医院的文凭护士相比，其离职意愿、工作满意度和工作投入度；探讨了招聘和保留方面的挑战和机遇，并从国际视角出发，总结了招聘和保留方面的经验教训。
本研究将采用收敛混合方法设计，包括定性和定量方法。定性研究将包括对德国医院的管理人员、护士、学生和利益相关者进行半结构化访谈。此外，还将在具有更高比例学士/硕士护士的国家进行国际专家访谈。定量、横断面研究将包括对德国医院的专业护士（学士/硕士、文凭护士）进行调查。研究地点是那些护士中具有较高比例学士或相关招聘、工作环境或保留策略的医院。分析将分几个阶段进行，首先是平行分析，然后通过三角测量法进行组合：平行分析技术将通过内容分析（访谈）和描述性、双变量和多变量分析（调查）分别分析定性和定量数据。随后，将通过一个三角测量矩阵对数据源进行集体分析，重点是在三个系统层面上开发主题探索集群：微观层面、中观层面和宏观层面。这些分析将为德国乃至国际的临床护理、管理和政策提供经验教训。
该研究已获得 Charité 伦理委员会的批准。将通过多种传播渠道进行传播，包括在德国和国际上的科学共同体、护理管理、临床护士和更广泛的公众中进行发表和演示。
