Department of Education and Sports Science, University of Stavanger, Stavanger, Norway.
School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK.
Int J Eat Disord. 2023 Nov;56(11):2022-2031. doi: 10.1002/eat.24044. Epub 2023 Aug 11.
This research forum describes the use of the intervention mapping for adaptation (IMA) framework to develop and evaluate a novel intervention for athletes with mild eating disorder (ED) symptoms.
The six IMA steps were followed. In step 1 (needs assessment), we conducted a systematic review of athlete ED interventions and held interviews/focus groups with athletes and sports professionals to inform intervention format and delivery. In step 2 (intervention search), needs assessment information guided the search for an evidence-based intervention suitable for adaptation to athletes. In steps 3 and 4 (intervention development), the identified intervention was adapted and feedback sought from athletes and sport professionals. In steps 5 and 6 (implementation and evaluation), a feasibility study was conducted with athletes (n = 35; females: n = 27; M = 27.1).
The review highlighted poor evidence for the acceptability and relative efficacy of existing interventions, which were all delivered face-to-face in groups. Interview/focus group data suggested a need for more accessible intervention formats (e.g., self-help). One non-athlete self-help intervention was determined suitable for adaptation to athletes, and adaptations were made. Initial feedback suggested the adapted intervention was relevant within sport settings. The feasibility study revealed that the intervention (MOPED-A: Motivational and Psycho-Educational Self-Help Programme for Athletes with Mild Eating Disorder Symptoms) can be feasibly implemented, is acceptable to athletes and shows potential for reducing ED symptoms.
IMA is a useful framework for developing participant-centered and evidence-based interventions. The findings and approach taken provide a framework for other researchers and clinicians in developing similar interventions in the ED domain.
The novel self-help intervention described in this article was developed using intervention mapping and provides promise as a tool for reducing eating disorder symptoms in athletes. We describe how adopting and systematically following a health intervention development approach, such as intervention mapping, can ensure that eating disorder interventions are participant-centered, contextually relevant, and evidence-based, which in turn could help to maximize their reach and effectiveness.
本研究论坛描述了使用干预映射适应（IMA）框架来开发和评估针对轻度饮食障碍（ED）症状运动员的新型干预措施。
遵循了 IMA 的六个步骤。在步骤 1（需求评估）中，我们对运动员 ED 干预措施进行了系统回顾，并对运动员和体育专业人员进行了访谈/焦点小组，以告知干预形式和交付方式。在步骤 2（干预搜索）中，需求评估信息指导了对适合适应运动员的基于证据的干预措施的搜索。在步骤 3 和 4（干预开发）中，确定的干预措施进行了改编，并征求了运动员和体育专业人员的反馈。在步骤 5 和 6（实施和评估）中，对运动员进行了一项可行性研究（n=35；女性：n=27；M=27.1）。
综述强调了现有干预措施的可接受性和相对疗效证据不足，这些干预措施都是以小组的形式面对面进行的。访谈/焦点小组数据表明，需要更易于访问的干预形式（例如，自助）。确定一种非运动员自助干预措施适合适应运动员，并进行了改编。初步反馈表明，改编后的干预措施在运动环境中具有相关性。可行性研究表明，该干预措施（MOPED-A：针对轻度饮食障碍症状运动员的动机和心理教育自助计划）可以在实际中进行，运动员可以接受，并且有潜力减轻 ED 症状。
IMA 是开发以参与者为中心和基于证据的干预措施的有用框架。研究结果和所采用的方法为其他研究人员和临床医生在 ED 领域开发类似干预措施提供了框架。
本文描述的新型自助干预措施是使用干预映射开发的，作为减少运动员饮食障碍症状的工具具有很大的潜力。我们描述了如何采用并系统地遵循健康干预措施开发方法（例如干预映射），以确保饮食障碍干预措施以参与者为中心、与背景相关且基于证据，这反过来又有助于最大限度地扩大其覆盖面和有效性。
