Castro-Pérez Vargas Antonieta M, Céspedes-Porras Jacqueline, Echeverri-Junca Luz H, Córdova-Limaylla Nancy Edith, López-Gurreonero Carlos, Castro-Mena Manuel J, Cayo-Rojas César F
"Grupo de Investigación Salud y Bienestar Global", Postgraduate School, Universidad Nacional Federico Villarreal, Lima, Peru.
School of Dentistry, Universidad Privada Norbert Wiener, Lima, Peru.
J Int Soc Prev Community Dent. 2022 Oct 27;13(3):208-220. doi: 10.4103/jispcd.JISPCD_295_21. eCollection 2023 May-Jun.
Excessive fear of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in dental students could cause mood disorders, especially if there are factors in the environment that generate feelings of anxiety or uncertainty. The aim of this study was to evaluate the fear of COVID-19 and its association with depression, anxiety, and stress in Peruvian dental students according to their sociodemographic factors.
This analytical, observational, and cross-sectional study was conducted in 398 dental students of a public university in the Peruvian capital during April 2021 to July 2021. The Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale-21 items was used to diagnose depression, anxiety, and stress. The Fear of COVID-19 Scale was used to detect fear of COVID-19. The Pearson's chi-square test was used for statistical analysis. In addition, a logit model using odds ratio (OR) was performed to evaluate depression, anxiety, and stress of students with the associated factors: fear of COVID-19 and 12 sociodemographic variables (gender, age group, marital status, year of study, origin, companion, living with vulnerable people, history of mental illness, history of COVID-19, loss of close relatives due to COVID-19, occupation, and area of residence). A significance level of < .05 was considered. In addition, predictive models were developed for the variables depression, anxiety, and stress, considering all possible significant causes.
The prevalence of fear of COVID-19, depression, anxiety, and stress was 19.6%, 36.2%, 40.7%, and 19.6%, respectively. According to the adjusted logit model, students who had fear of COVID-19 had OR = 2.74 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.62-4.64), OR = 5.59 (95% CI: 3.14-9.97), and OR = 3.31 (95% CI: 1.88-5.83) for developing depression, anxiety, and stress, respectively. In addition, those who reported history of mental illness were four times more likely to develop depression (OR = 4.02, 95% CI: 1.96-8.25) and anxiety (OR = 4.50, 95% CI: 2.06-9.82), whereas those living with people vulnerable to COVID-19 were twice as likely to develop stress (OR = 2.06, 95% CI: 1.16-3.66).
The highest prevalence of mood disorders among dental students was anxiety. In addition, those who were afraid of COVID-19 had three times the probability of developing depression and stress, and five times the probability of developing anxiety. On the other hand, the most influential factor in the development of depression and anxiety was history of mental illness, whereas the factor of living with vulnerable people was the most influential factor in the development of stress.
牙科专业学生对2019冠状病毒病（COVID - 19）的过度恐惧可能导致情绪障碍，尤其是在存在引发焦虑或不确定感的环境因素时。本研究的目的是根据秘鲁牙科专业学生的社会人口学因素，评估他们对COVID - 19的恐惧及其与抑郁、焦虑和压力的关联。
本分析性、观察性横断面研究于2021年4月至2021年7月在秘鲁首都一所公立大学的398名牙科专业学生中进行。使用21项抑郁、焦虑和压力量表来诊断抑郁、焦虑和压力。使用对COVID - 19的恐惧量表来检测对COVID - 19的恐惧。采用Pearson卡方检验进行统计分析。此外，使用比值比（OR）的逻辑模型来评估与相关因素（对COVID - 19的恐惧以及12个社会人口学变量：性别、年龄组、婚姻状况、学习年份、出身、同伴、与弱势群体同住、精神疾病史、COVID - 19病史、因COVID - 19失去近亲、职业和居住地区）相关的学生的抑郁、焦虑和压力情况。显著性水平设定为<0.05。此外，考虑所有可能的显著原因，为抑郁、焦虑和压力变量建立了预测模型。
对COVID - 19的恐惧、抑郁、焦虑和压力的患病率分别为19.6%、36.2%、40.7%和19.6%。根据调整后的逻辑模型，对COVID - 19有恐惧的学生患抑郁、焦虑和压力的比值比分别为OR = 2.74（95%置信区间[CI]：1.62 - 4.64）、OR = 5.59（95% CI：3.14 - 9.97）和OR = 3.31（95% CI：1.88 - 5.83）。此外，报告有精神疾病史的学生患抑郁（OR = 4.02，95% CI：1.96 - 8.25）和焦虑（OR = 4.50，95% CI：2.06 - 9.82）的可能性高出四倍，而与易感染COVID - 19的人群同住的学生患压力的可能性高出两倍（OR = 2.06，95% CI：1.16 - 3.66）。
牙科专业学生中情绪障碍的患病率最高的是焦虑。此外，那些害怕COVID - 19的学生患抑郁和压力的可能性是三倍，患焦虑的可能性是五倍。另一方面，精神疾病史是抑郁和焦虑发展中最有影响力的因素，而与弱势群体同住是压力发展中最有影响力的因素。
