Liu Yu, Wu Wenqing, Seunggi Chun, Li Zhengyong, Huang Yeqian, Zhou Kai, Wang Baoyun, Chen Zhixing, Zhang Zhenyu
Department of Burn and Plastic Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
Department of Plastic Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, West China Tianfu Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
Front Cell Dev Biol. 2023 Jul 26;11:1204050. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1204050. eCollection 2023.
The treatment of microtia or acquired ear deformities by surgery is a significant challenge for plastic and ENT surgeons; one of the most difficult points is constructing the scaffold for auricular reconstruction. As a type of cell with multiple differentiation potentials, stem cells play an essential role in the construction of cartilage scaffolds, and therefore have received widespread attention in ear reconstructive research. A literature search was conducted for peer-reviewed articles between 2005 and 2023 with the following keywords: stem cells; auricular cartilage; ear cartilage; conchal cartilage; auricular reconstruction, regeneration, and reparation of chondrocytes; tissue engineering in the following databases: PubMed, MEDLINE, Cochrane, and Ovid. Thirty-three research articles were finally selected and their main characteristics were summarized. Adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs), bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs), perichondrial stem/progenitor cells (PPCs), and cartilage stem/progenitor cells (CSPCs) were mainly used in chondrocyte regeneration. Injecting the stem cells into the cartilage niche directly, co-culturing the stem cells with the auricular cartilage cells, and inducing the cells in the chondrogenic medium were the main methods that have been demonstrated in the studies. The chondrogenic ability of these cells was observed , and they also maintained good elasticity and morphology after implantation for a period of time. ADSC, BMMSC, PPC, and CSPC were the main stem cells that have been researched in craniofacial cartilage reconstruction, the regenerative cartilage performed highly similar to normal cartilage, and the test of AGA and type II collagen content also proved the cartilage property of the neo-cartilage. However, stem cell reconstruction of the auricle is still in the initial stage of animal experiments, transplantation with such scaffolds in large animals is still lacking, and there is still a long way to go.
通过手术治疗小耳畸形或后天性耳部畸形对整形外科医生和耳鼻喉科医生来说是一项重大挑战；最困难的一点之一是构建耳廓重建的支架。作为一种具有多种分化潜能的细胞类型，干细胞在软骨支架构建中发挥着重要作用，因此在耳部重建研究中受到了广泛关注。在PubMed、MEDLINE、Cochrane和Ovid等数据库中，使用以下关键词对2005年至2023年间的同行评审文章进行了文献检索：干细胞；耳廓软骨；耳软骨；耳甲软骨；耳廓重建、软骨细胞再生和修复；组织工程。最终筛选出33篇研究文章并总结了其主要特征。脂肪来源干细胞（ADSCs）、骨髓间充质干细胞（BMMSCs）、软骨膜干/祖细胞（PPCs）和软骨干/祖细胞（CSPCs）主要用于软骨细胞再生。将干细胞直接注射到软骨微环境中、将干细胞与耳廓软骨细胞共培养以及在软骨形成培养基中诱导细胞是研究中已证实的主要方法。观察了这些细胞的软骨形成能力，并且在植入一段时间后它们还保持了良好的弹性和形态。ADSC、BMMSC、PPC和CSPC是颅面软骨重建中研究的主要干细胞，再生软骨的表现与正常软骨高度相似，对AGA和II型胶原蛋白含量的检测也证明了新软骨的软骨特性。然而，干细胞耳廓重建仍处于动物实验的初始阶段，在大型动物中使用此类支架进行移植仍很缺乏，仍有很长的路要走。
