Zhou Yiting, Zhang Jing
Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
Front Cell Dev Biol. 2023 Jul 26;11:1221890. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1221890. eCollection 2023.
This article reviews the role of neuronal activity in myelin regeneration and the related neural signaling pathways. The article points out that neuronal activity can stimulate the formation and regeneration of myelin, significantly improve its conduction speed and neural signal processing ability, maintain axonal integrity, and support axonal nutrition. However, myelin damage is common in various clinical diseases such as multiple sclerosis, stroke, dementia, and schizophrenia. Although myelin regeneration exists in these diseases, it is often incomplete and cannot promote functional recovery. Therefore, seeking other ways to improve myelin regeneration in clinical trials in recent years is of great significance. Research has shown that controlling neuronal excitability may become a new intervention method for the clinical treatment of demyelinating diseases. The article discusses the latest research progress of neuronal activity on myelin regeneration, including direct or indirect stimulation methods, and the related neural signaling pathways, including glutamatergic, GABAergic, cholinergic, histaminergic, purinergic and voltage-gated ion channel signaling pathways, revealing that seeking treatment strategies to promote myelin regeneration through precise regulation of neuronal activity has broad prospects.
本文综述了神经元活动在髓鞘再生中的作用以及相关的神经信号通路。文章指出，神经元活动可刺激髓鞘的形成与再生，显著提高其传导速度和神经信号处理能力，维持轴突完整性，并支持轴突营养。然而，髓鞘损伤在多种临床疾病中较为常见，如多发性硬化症、中风、痴呆症和精神分裂症。尽管这些疾病中存在髓鞘再生，但往往不完整，无法促进功能恢复。因此，近年来在临床试验中寻求其他改善髓鞘再生的方法具有重要意义。研究表明，控制神经元兴奋性可能成为临床治疗脱髓鞘疾病的一种新干预方法。文章讨论了神经元活动对髓鞘再生的最新研究进展，包括直接或间接刺激方法，以及相关的神经信号通路，包括谷氨酸能、γ-氨基丁酸能、胆碱能、组胺能、嘌呤能和电压门控离子通道信号通路，揭示了通过精确调节神经元活动来寻求促进髓鞘再生的治疗策略具有广阔前景。
