Lower hemoglobin levels associate with higher baroreflex sensitivity and heart rate variability.

The aim of this study was to cross-sectionally examine whether hemoglobin (Hb) levels within the normal variation associate with heart rate variability (HRV) measures and baroreflex sensitivity (BRS). The study population included 733 Finnish subjects of the OPERA cohort (aged 41-59 yr, 53% males, 51.7% treated for hypertension) of whom HRV was measured from a standardized 45-min period and whose Hb levels were within the Finnish reference intervals. The low Hb tertile (mean Hb, 135 g/L) had an overall healthier metabolic profile compared with the high Hb tertile (mean Hb, 152 g/L). BRS was higher in the low Hb tertile compared with the high Hb tertile ( < 0.05). R-R interval (RRi) and standard deviation (SD) of the RRi (SDNN)index were the longest in the low Hb tertile regardless of posture. Of the spectral components of HRV, HF power was the highest in the low Hb tertile regardless of posture ( < 0.05). In a stepwise logistic regression model, BRS associated negatively with Hb levels after adjusting for covariates ( = -0.160 [-0.285; -0.035]). Similar associations were observed for SDNNindex when lying down ( = -0.105 [-0.207; -0.003]) and walking ( = -0.154 [-0.224; -0.083]). For HF power negative associations with Hb levels were observed when lying down ( = -0.110 [-0.180; -0.040]), sitting ( = -0.150 [-0.221; -0.079]), and in total analysis ( = -0.124 [-0.196; -0.053]). Overall, lower Hb levels associated independently with healthier cardiac autonomic function. Heart rate variability (HRV) and baroreflex sensitivity (BRS), which can be measured noninvasively, can predict cardiac and metabolic diseases. Our findings show that within normal variation subjects with lower hemoglobin (Hb) levels have an overall healthier HRV profile and increased cardiac parasympathetic activity in middle age, independent of age, sex, smoking status, and key metabolic covariates. These findings support our previous findings that Hb levels can be used in assessing long-term risks for cardiometabolic diseases.