Pascoe P J, McDonell W N
Can J Vet Res. 1986 Apr;50(2):275-9.
Ten adult Holstein cows were used in an experiment to determine whether the induction of electroimmobilization was a noxious event. The cows were halter trained and accustomed to being led into a set of stocks. The time taken for the cattle to walk the last ten metres into the stocks was recorded. The heart rate of the cow was recorded for a three minute period prior to a ten second exposure to a high pitched sound (the conditioning stimulus). Measurements were collected for three repetitions and then the cows were assigned to two groups of five. One group was immobilized for 30 seconds using a commercial electroimmobilizer, the other group was not treated. This procedure was repeated ten times over a period of eight days. The cows were then exposed to the conditioning stimulus and their response observed. The treated group took significantly (P less than 0.05) longer to get into the stocks and the regression slopes for heart rate were significantly different from the control group. The treated cows responded to the conditioning stimulus at five and nine months after the end of the conditioning period. Adult Holstein cows regarded electroimmobilization as a noxious event and were very strongly conditioned to this stimulus.
十头成年荷斯坦奶牛被用于一项实验，以确定电固定诱导是否为有害事件。这些奶牛经过缰绳训练，习惯被牵进一组畜栏。记录牛走进畜栏最后十米所需的时间。在对奶牛暴露于高音调声音（条件刺激）十秒之前的三分钟内记录其心率。进行三次重复测量，然后将奶牛分为两组，每组五头。一组使用商用电动固定器固定30秒，另一组不进行处理。在八天的时间里重复这个过程十次。然后让奶牛暴露于条件刺激下并观察它们的反应。处理组进入畜栏的时间明显更长（P小于0.05），心率的回归斜率与对照组有显著差异。在条件作用期结束后的五个月和九个月，处理过的奶牛对条件刺激有反应。成年荷斯坦奶牛将电固定视为有害事件，并对这种刺激产生了非常强烈的条件反射。
