Institute of Criminology, Faculty of Law, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel.
R & D Department, Israel Traffic Police, Israel; Faculty of Industrial Engineering and Technology Management, HIT - Holon Institute of Technology, Israel.
Accid Anal Prev. 2023 Nov;192:107259. doi: 10.1016/j.aap.2023.107259. Epub 2023 Aug 9.
Over the years empirical evidence has shown that traffic enforcement reduces traffic violations, crashes, and casualties. However, less attention has been paid to enforcement coverage across different populations and driver characteristics. The current study develops and explores a method for estimating police enforcement coverage, by comparing the share of drivers across several characteristics who received tickets from automatic speed and red-light cameras - as an objective estimate of offenses committed - to the share of drivers who received tickets through manual police enforcement. Using data from all speeding and red-light tickets issued to Israelis over a period of one and a half years, we found under-enforcement by police officers for female drivers, two-wheeled vehicle drivers (for speeding), and drivers with previous tickets. We found over-enforcement for younger drivers, truck drivers, and two-wheeled vehicle drivers (for red-light offenses). The findings suggest that the method developed in the research is able to identify groups of drivers who are over- or under-enforced. Police authorities can use this information to create evidence-based enforcement policies.
多年来，经验证据表明交通执法可以减少交通违法行为、事故和伤亡。然而，人们对不同人群和驾驶员特征的执法覆盖面关注较少。本研究开发并探讨了一种通过比较在多个特征下收到自动超速和闯红灯摄像头罚单（作为犯罪的客观估计）的驾驶员比例与通过手动警察执法收到罚单的驾驶员比例来估算警察执法覆盖面的方法。使用了在一年半的时间内发给以色列人的所有超速和闯红灯罚单的数据，我们发现，女司机、两轮车司机（超速）和有过罚单的司机受到的警察执法力度不足。我们发现，年轻司机、卡车司机和两轮车司机（闯红灯）受到的执法力度过大。研究结果表明，研究中开发的方法能够识别受到过度或不足执法的驾驶员群体。警方可以利用这些信息制定基于证据的执法政策。
