Retting Richard A, Ferguson Susan A, Hakkert A Shalom
Insurance Institute for Highway Safety, Arlington, Virginia 22201, USA.
Traffic Inj Prev. 2003 Mar;4(1):17-23. doi: 10.1080/15389580309858.
Red light running is a frequent cause of motor vehicle crashes and injuries. A primary countermeasure for red light running crashes is police traffic enforcement. In recent years, many police agencies have begun using automated red light cameras as a supplement to conventional enforcement methods. The present study reviewed and evaluated available evidence in the international literature regarding the effectiveness of cameras to reduce both red light violations and crashes. Camera enforcement generally reduces violations by an estimated 40-50%. In terms of crash effects, most studies contain methodological flaws that, to varying degrees, either overestimate (failure to adjust for regression to the mean) or underestimate (comparison with nearby signalized intersections affected by cameras) crash effects. Mindful of these limitations, the research generally indicates that camera enforcement can significantly reduce injury crashes at signalized intersections, in particular right-angle injury crashes. Most studies reported increases in rear-end crashes following camera installation. Taken together the studies indicate that, overall, injury crashes, including rear-end collisions, were reduced by 25-30% as a result of camera enforcement.
闯红灯是机动车碰撞事故和人员受伤的常见原因。针对闯红灯事故的一项主要对策是警方的交通执法。近年来，许多警察机构已开始使用自动闯红灯摄像头作为传统执法方法的补充。本研究回顾并评估了国际文献中有关摄像头减少闯红灯违法行为和碰撞事故有效性的现有证据。摄像头执法通常能将违法行为减少约40%至50%。在碰撞事故影响方面，大多数研究存在方法缺陷，这些缺陷在不同程度上要么高估（未对均值回归进行调整）要么低估（与受摄像头影响的附近信号控制路口进行比较）碰撞事故影响。考虑到这些局限性，研究总体表明，摄像头执法可显著减少信号控制路口的受伤事故，尤其是直角受伤事故。大多数研究报告称，安装摄像头后追尾事故有所增加。综合各项研究表明，总体而言，由于摄像头执法，包括追尾碰撞在内的受伤事故减少了25%至30%。
